A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

392 CAMILLUS.
stand, led them back to battle, and gained a complete victory. Hereupon Camillus received orders
to make war upon the Tusculans for having assisted the Volscians; and, notwithstanding the former
conduct of Medullinus, Camillus again chose him
as his colleague, to afford him an opportunity of
wiping off his disgrace. This generosity and moderation deserved and excited general admiration.
In B. C. 368, when the patricians were resolved
to make a last effort against the rogations of C.
Licinius Stole, the senate appointed Camillus, a
faithful supporter of the patricians, dictator for the
fourth time. His magister equitum was L. Aemilius Mamercinus. But Camillus, who probably
saw that it was hopeless to resist any further the
demands of the plebeians, resigned the office soon
after, and P. Manlius was appointed in his stead.
In the following year, B. c. 367, when a fresh war
with the Gauls broke out, Camillus, who was now
nearly eighty years old, was called to the dictatorship for the fifth time. His magister equitum was
T. Quinctius Pennus. He gained a great victory,
for which he was rewarded with a triumph. Two
years later, B. C. 365, he died of the plague. Camillus is the great hero of his time, and stands
forth as a resolute champion of his own order until
he became convinced that further opposition was of
no avail. His history, as related in Plutarch and
Livy, is not without a considerable admixture of
legendary and traditional fable, and requires a
careful critical sifting. (Plnt. Life of Camillus;
Liv. v. 10, 12, 14, 17, 19, &c., 31, 32, 46, 49-55,
vi. 1-4, 6, &c., 18, &c., 22, &c., 38, 42, vii. 1;
Died. xiv. 93; Eutrop. i. 20; Val. Max. iv. 1. ~ 2;
Gellius, xvii. 21; Cic. pro Dom. 32, de Re Publ. i.
3, Tuscul. i. 37, Fragm. p. 462; Ascon. pro Scaur.
p. 30, ed. Orelli.)
2. SP. FuRus CAMILLMs, a son of No. 1.
When the praetorship was instituted in B. c. 367,
Camillus was one of the two who were first invested with it. (Liv. vii. 1; Suid. s. v. ITpaTwcp.)
3. L. FURItus M. F. CAMILLUS, a son of No. 1.
In B. c. 350, when one of the consuls was ill, and
the other, Popillius Laenas, returned from the Gallic war with a severe wound, L. Furius Camillus
was appointed dictator to hold the comitia, and P.
Cornelius Scipio became his magister equitum.
Camillus, who was as much a patrician in his feelings and sentiments as his father, did not accept
the names of any plebeians who offered themselves
as candidates for the consulship, and thus caused
the consulship to be given to patricians only. The
senate, delighted with this, exerted all its influence
in raising him to the consulship in B. c. 349. He
then nominated Appius Claudius Crassus as his
colleague, who however died during the preparations for the Gallic war. Camillus, who now remained sole consul, caused the command against
the Gauls to be given to himself extra sortem.
Two legions were left behind for the protection of
the city, and eight others were divided between
him and the praetor L. Pinarius, whom he sent
to protect the coast against some Greek pirates,
who in that year infested the coast of Latium.
Camillus routed the Gauls in the Pomptine district, and compelled them to seek refuge in Apulia. This battle against the Gauls is famous in
Roman story for the single combat of M. Valerius Corvus with a bold and presumptuous Gaul.
After the battle, Camillus honoured the gallantry
of Valerius with a present of ten oxen and a golden

CAMISSARES.

crown. Camillus then joined the praetor Pinarits
on the coast; but nothing of any importance was
accomplished against the Greeks, who soon after
disappeared. (Liv. vii. 24-26; Cic. De Senect. 12;
Gell. ix. 11.)
4. L. FURIus SP. F. M. N. CAMILL US, son of No.
2, consul in B. c. 338, together with C. Maenius.
He fought in this year successfully against the Tiburtines, and took their town Tibur. The two consuls united completed the subjugation of Latium;
they were rewarded with a triumph, and equestrian statues, then a rare distinction, were erected
to them in the forum. Camillus further distinguished himself by advising his countrymen to
treat the Latins with mildness. In B. c. 325 he
was elected consul a second time, together with
D. Junius Brutus Scaeva. In this year war was
declared against the Vestinians, and Camillus obtained Samnium for his province; but while he
was engaged in the war, he was attacked by a severe illness, and was ordered to nominate L. Papirius
Cursor dictator to continue the war. (Liv. viii. 13,
16, &c., 29; Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 5.)
5. M. FuRIus CAMILLUS, consul in A.D. 8 (Fast.
Cap.), and proconsul of Africa in the reign of Tiberius, defeated in A. D. 17, the Numidian Tacfarinas,
together with a great number of Numidians and
Mauretanians. It is expressly stated, that after
the lapse of several centuries, he was the first who
revived the military fame of the Furii Camilli.
The senate, with the consent of Tiberius, honoured
him with the insignia of a triumph, a distinction
which he was allowed to enjoy with impunity on
account of his unassuming character. (Tac. Ann.
ii. 52, iii. 20.)
6. M. FURIus CAMILLUS, surnamed SCRIBONIANUS, was consul in the reign of Tiberius, A. D.
32, together with Cn. Domitius. At the beginning of the reign of Claudius he was legate of
Dalmatia, and revolted with his legions, probably
in the hope of raising himself to the throne. But
he was conquered on the fifth day after the beginning of the insurrection, A. D. 42, sent into exile
and died in A. D. 53, either of an illness, or, as
was commonly reported, by poison. (Tac. Ann.
vi. 1, xii. 52, Hist. i. 89, ii. 75; Suet. Claud. 13.)
7. FutRIs CAMILLUS, likewise surnamed SCREBONIANUS, was sent into exile by the emperor
Claudius, together with his mother Junia, A. D. 53,
for having consulted the Chaldaeans about the time
when Claudius was to die. (Tac. Ann. xii. 52,
Hist. ii. 75.) [L. S.]
C. CAMILLUS, a Roman jurist, and a particular friend of Cicero, who had a high opinion of
his worldly prudence and judgment, and often
consulted him on matters of business and law.
At Cicero's table he was a frequent guest, and was
remarkable for his love of news, and extreme personal neatness. His name often occurs in the
letters of Cicero (ad Att. v. 8, vi. 1, 5, xi. 16, 23,
xiii. 6, 33, ad Faim. ix. 20, xiv. 5, 14), from one
of which (ad FaPm. v. 20) it appears, that Camillus
was consulted by Cicero upon a matter connected
with the jus praediatorium, which was a branch of
the revenue law of Rome, and was so difficult and
intricate that some jurists specially devoted themselves to its study. (Dict. of Ant. s.v. Praes.)[J.T.G.]
CAMI'SSARES, a Carian, father of Datames,
was high in favour with Artaxerxes II. (Mnemon),
by whom he was made satrap of a part of Cilicia
bordering on Cappadocia. He fell in the war of