A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

578 CALLISTRATUS.
Oropus by a body of Oropian exiles and the consequent loss of it to Athens, the Athenians, having
sent an army against it under Chares, were induced by Chabrias and Callistratus to compromise
the matter by delivering the place as a deposit to
the Thebans pending the adjustment of their
claims. The Thebans refused afterwards to surrender it, and the consequence was the prosecution
of the advisers of the compromise. At first the
eloquence of Callistratus was successful, and they
were acquitted; but the loss of so important a
frontier town rankled in the minds of the people,
and Callistratus appears to have been condemned
to death in 361, and to have gone into banishment
to Methone in Macedonia. In 356 (see Clinton
on the year) he seems to have been still an exile,
but he ultimately returned to Athens,-a step
which the orator Lycurgus refers to as a striking
instance of judicial infatuation,-and was put to
death, though he had fled for refuge to the altar of
the twelve gods. (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. ~ 1, &c.;
Diod. xv. 76; Plut. Dem. 5; IHermipp. ap.
Gell. iii. 13; Pseudo-Plut. Vit. X Orat. p. 156,
ed. Tauchn.; Dem. c. Polycl. pp. 1221, 1222;
Lycurg. c. Leocr. p. 159; Aristot. Rhet. i. 7. ~ 13.)
During his exile he is said to have founded the city
of Datum, afterwards Philippi, and doubtless he
"was the deviser of the plan for increasing the rent
of the Macedonian harbour dues from 20 to 40
talents. (Isocr. de Pac. p. 164, a.; Pseudo-Aristot.
Oecon. ii. 22; comp. Schneid. Epim. ad Xen. Hell.
vi. 2. ~ 39; Bockh, Publ. Econ. of Attens, bk. iii.
ch. 4.) Demosthenes appears to have admired him
greatly as an orator, and Theopompus praises him
for his public conduct, while he censures the profligacy of his private life. (Dem. de Cor. p. 301,
de Fals. Leg. p. 436; comp. Ruhnken, Hist. Crit.
Orat. Grace. ap. Reiske, vol. viii. p. 140; Aristot.
Rihet. i. 14. ~ 1, iii. 17. ~ 13; Theopomp. ap.
Athen. iv. p. 166, e.) The author of the lives of
the X Orators (1. c.) strangely confounds the present Callistratus with the son of Empedus, in which
mistake he has been followed by some modern
writers: others again have erroneously identified
him with the Callistratus who was Archon Eponymus in 355. (See Ruhnken, 1. c.; Clint. Fast. ii.
pp. 126, 378; B6ckh, Publ. Econ. bk. ii. ch. 14.)
4. An Elean, who came as an ambassador to
Antiochus III. (the Great) at Chalcis, B. c. 192,
to ask for aid to Elis against the Achaeans. The
latter had declared for Rome, and decided on war
with Antiochus, and the Eleans, friends to Antiochus, feared in consequence the invasion of their
territory. The king sent them, for their defence,
a thousand men under the command of Euphanes
the Cretan. (Polyb. xx. 3; Liv. xxxv. 48-50,
xxxvi. 5.)
5. Private secretary to Mithridates. He fell
into the hands of the Romans when his master
decamped so hastily from his position on the plains
of Cabeira, B. c. 72; and the soldiers, who were
bringing him before Lucullus, murdered him when
they discovered that he had a large sum of money
about his person. (Plut. Lucull. 17; comp. App.
Bell. Mit/si. p. 227.) [E. E.]
CALLI'STRATUS, literary. 1. A Greek
grammarian, and a disciple of Aristophanes of Byzantium, whence he is frequently surnamed '
Apio-roducivos, (Athen. i. p. 21, vi. p. 263.)
He must have lived about the middle of the second
century before Christ, and have been a contempo

CALLISTRATUS.
rary of the famous Aristarchus. He appears to
have devoted himself principally to the study of
the great poets of Greece, such as Homer, Pindar,
the tragedians, Aristophanes, and some others,
and the results of his studies were deposited in
commentaries upon those poets, which are lost, but
to which occasionally reference is made in our
scholia. Tzetzes (Chil. xi. 61) states, that the
grammarian Callistratus was the first who made
the Samians acquainted with the alphabet of
twenty-four letters, but this is in all probability a
fiction. (Comp. Schol. ad Hom. I1. vii. 185.)
There are several more works mentioned by the
ancients, which, it seems, must be attributed to
our grammarian. Athenaeus (iii. p. 125) mentions the seventh book of a work called 2spiucra,
and in another passage (xiii. p. 591), a work on
courtezans (mrepl iralp(v), both of which belong
probably to Callistratus the grammarian. Harpocration (s. v. MevEKcAhs KaAhhAirparos) mentions
a work 7repl 'AOevCv, which some ascribed to
Menecles and others to Callistratus, but the reading in the passage of Harpocration is uncertain,
and Preller (Polem. Fragm. p. 173, &c.) thinks
that KahAAKpdT-'rs ought to be read instead of
KahhO'-pa-ros. A commentary of Callistratus on
the Oparral of Cratinus is mentioned by Athenaeus
(xi. p. 495). It is uncertain whether the Callistratus whose history of Samothrace is mentioned
by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (i. 68; comp. Schol.
ad Pind. Nem. vii. 150) is the same as our grammarian. (R. Schmidt, Commentatio de Callistrato
Aristoplhaneo, Halae, 1838, 8vo.; Clinton, Fast.
Hellen. iii. p. 530.)
2. The author of a song upon Harmodius the
tyrannicide, which appears to have enjoyed great
popularity in antiquity. Its beginning is preserved
in Suidas (s. v. Iap'olvios) and the Scholiast on
Aristophanes. (Acharn. 956; comp. Hesych. s. v.
'Ap/ol5iov eAos.) The whole song is preserved in
Athenaeus. (xv. p. 695; comp. Brunck, Anal. i.
p. 155.)
3. A comic actor of the time of Aristophanes,
in whose comedies Acharnenses, Aves, and Vespae
Callistratus performed, as we learn from the scholia
on those plays. [L. S.]. CALLI'STRATUS, a Roman jurist, who, as
appears from Dig. 1. tit. 19. s. 3. ~ 2, and from
other passages in the Digest, wrote at least as late
as the reign (A. D. 198-211) of Severus and Antoninus (i. e. Septimius Severus and Caracalla). In
a passage of Lampridius (Alex. Sev. 68) which,
either from interpolation or from the inaccuracy of
the author, abounds with anachronisms, Callistratus is stated to have been a disciple of Papinian,
and to have been one of the council of Alexander
Severus. This statement may be correct, notwithstanding the suspicious character of the source
whence it is derived.
The numerous extracts from Callistratus in the
Digest occupy eighteen pages in Hommel's Palingenesia Pandectarunm; and the fact that he is cited
by no other jurist in the Digest, may be accounted
for by observing, that the Digest contains extracts
from few jurists of importance subsequent to Callistratus. The extracts from Callistratus are taken
from works bearing the following titles: 1. "Libri
VI de Cognitionibus." 2. " Libri VI Edicti
Monitorii." 3. " Libri IV de Jure Fisci," or
(Dig. 48, tit. 20. s. 1) "de Jure Fisci et Populi."
4. "Libri III Institutionum." 5. " Libri II