A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CALLICRATES.
league of Callibius, was slain. Callibius on this
retreated with his forces close to the walls of the
city, and, while he affected to open a negotiation
with Stasippus, waited for the arrival of a reinforcement for which he had sent from Mantineia.
On its appearance, Stasippus and his friends fled
from the city and took refuge in the temple of
Artemis; but the party of Callibius unroofed the
building and attacked them with missiles, and
being thus obliged to surrender, they were taken
to Tegea and put to death after the mockery of a
trial. (Xen. Hell. vi. 5. ~ 6, &c.; comp. Paus.
viii. 27.) fE. E.]
CALLICLES (KaXXtcks), a physician, who
lived probably in the third or second century B. c.,
and who is mentioned by Galen (De Meth. Med.
ii. 7. vol. x. p. 142) as having belonged to the
medical sect of the Empirici. [W. A. G.]
CALLICLES (KXAKucM's). 1. A statuary of
Megara, who lived about B. c. 400. (See Siebelis,
ad Pans. iii. p. 29.) His principal works seem to
have been Olympian victors (Paus. vi. 7. ~~ 1, 3),
and philosophers. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. )
2. A painter of uncertain age and country
(Plin. H. N. xxxv. 10. s. 37), is perhaps the same
as the painter, Callicles, mentioned by Varro.
(Fragm. p. 236, Bip.) [W. I.]
CALLI'CRATES(KaAAuIpdrTy),historical. 1.
A Spartan, is mentioned by Herodotus as the finest
and handsomest man of all the Greeks of his time.
Hle was slain by an arrow just before the armies engaged at Plataea (B. c. 479), and while the Greeks
were waiting till the signs from the sacrifices
should be favourable. (Herod. ix. 72.) In Herod.
ix. 85, his name occurs among the Ip'Ves who
were buried separately from the rest of the Spartans and from the Helots. The word ipfEes, however, can hardly be used here in its ordinary
meaning of "youths," but has probably its original
signification of "commanders." (See Miiller, Dor.
ii. p. 315; Thirlwall's Greece, ii. p. 350, note.)
2. Callicrates is the name given to the murderer
of Dion by Nepos (Dion, 8): he is called Callippus by Diodorus and Plutarch. [CALLIPPUS.]
3. An accomplished flatterer at the court of
Ptolemy III. (Euergetes), who, apparently mistaking servility for knowledge of the world,
affected to adopt Ulysses as his model. He is
said to have worn a seal-ring with a head of
Ulysses engraved on it, and to have given his
children the names of Telegonus and Anticleia.
(Athen. vi. p. 251, d.)
4. A man of Leontium in Achaia, who plays a
somewhat disreputable part in the history of the
Achaean league. By a decree of the Achaeans,
solemnly recorded in B. c. 181, Lacedaemon had
been received into their confederacy and the restoration of all Lacedaemonian exiles had been provided for, with the exception of those who had
repaid with ingratitude their previous restoration
by the Achaeans. The Romans, however, had
sent to urge the recall of these men, and in the
debate in the assembly on this question, B. c. 179,
Callicrates contended, in opposition to Lycortas,
that the requisition should be complied with,
openly maintaining, that neither law, nor solemn
record, nor anything else, should be more regarded
than the will of Rome. The assembly, however,
favoured the view of Lycortas, and appointed
ambassadors, of whom Callicrates was one, to lay
it before the Roman senate. But he grievously

CALLICRATES. 569
abused his trust, and instigated the Romans to
sap the independence of his country by giving
their support in every city to the Roman or antinational party. Returning home with letters from
the senate, pressing the recall of the exiles, and
highly commendatory of himself, he was made
general of the league, and used all his influence
thenceforth for the furtherance of the, Roman
cause. (Polyb. xxv. 1, 2, xxvi. 1-3.) In B. c.
174 he successfully resisted the proposal of Xenarchus, who was at that time general, for an alliance
with Perseus. (Liv. xli. 23, 24.) Early in B. c.
168 he opposed the motion of Lycortas and his
party for sending aid to the two Ptolemies (Philometor and Physcon) against Antiochus Epiphanes,
recommending instead, that they should endeavour
to mediate between the contending parties; and
he carried his point by introducing a letter from
Q. Marcius, the Roman consul, in which the same
course was urged. (Polyb. xxix. 8-10.) On
the conquest of Macedonia by the Romans, B. c.
168, more than 1000 of the chief Achaeans, pointed out by Callicrates as having favoured the cause
of Perseus, were apprehended and sent to Rome,
to be tried, as it was pretended, before the senate.
Among these was Polybius, the historian; and he
was also one of the survivors, who, after a detention of 17 years, were permitted to return to their
country. (Polyb. xxx. 10, xxxi. 8, xxxii. 7, 8,
xxxiii. 1; Liv. xlv. 31; Paus. vii. 10.) The baseness of Callicrates was visited on his head,-if,
indeed, such a man could feel such a punishment,
-in the intense hatred of his countrymen. Men
deemed it pollution to use the same bath with
him, and the very boys in the streets threw in
his teeth the name of traitor. (Polyb. xxx. 20.)
In B. c. 153 he dissuaded the league from taking
any part in the war of the Rhodians against Crete,
on the ground that it did not befit them to go to
war at all without the sanction of the Romans.
(Polyb. xxxiii. 15.) Three years after this, B. c.
150, Menalcidas, then general of the league, having
been bribed by the Oropians with 10 talents to
aid them against the Athenians, from whose garrison in their town they had received injury,
engaged Callicrates in the same cause by the promise of half the sum. The payment, however, he
evaded, and Callicrates retaliated on Menalcidas
by a capital charge; but Menalcidas escaped the
danger through the favour of Diaeus, his successor
in the office of general, whom he bribed with three
talents. In B. c. 149, Callicrates was sent as
ambassador to Rome with Diaeus, to oppose the
Spartan exiles, whose banishment Diaeus had procured, and who hoped to be restored by the senate.
Callicrates, however, died at Rhodes, where they
had touched on their way; " his death," says
Pausanias, " being, for aught I know, a clear gain
to his country." (Paus. vii. 11, 12.) [E. E.J
CALLICRATES (KaAA ucpaiT71s),literary. 1. Is
mentioned only once by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 586) as
the author of a comedy called MooeXfwy, and from
the connexion in which his name appears there with
those of Antiphanes and Alexis, it may be inferred
that he was a poet of the middle Attic comedy.
(Meineke, Hist. Grit. Com. Gr. p. 418.)
2. A Greek orator who seems to have -lived
about the time of Demosthenes, and to whom the
tables of Pergamus ascribed the oration ica-rd A-jtooi'Ovovss 7rapardatWv, which was usually considered the work of Deinarchus. (Dionys. Deinarch.