A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

566 CALLIAS.
CALTPPUS. [CALIPPUS.]
CALLAESCHRUS. [ANTISTATES.]
CALLAICUS, a surname of D. Junius Brutus.
[BRUTUS, No. 15.]
CALLAS. [CALAS.]
CALLATIA'NUS, DEME'TRIUS (An? -
'rpeos KahXaTirav's), the author of a geographical
work on Europe and Asia (7repi Eupcwsnrs ial
' Aoias) in twenty books, which is frequently referred to by the ancients. (Diog. Laert. v. 83;
Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AvlrtIdpa; Strab. i. p. 60;
Dionys. Hal. de comp. Verb. 4; Lucian. MJacrob.
10; Schol. ad Thieocrit. i. 65, x. 19; Marcian.
Heracl. passim.) [L. S.]
CALLI'ADES (KahhtA1dl), is mentioned by
Herodotus (viii. 51) as archon eponymus of Athens
at the time of the occupation of the city by the
Persian army, B. c. 480. [E. E.]
CALLI'ADES (KahMAidis), a comic poet, who
is mentioned by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 577), but
about whom nothing further is known, than that
a comedy entitled'"Ayroa was ascribed by some to
Diphilus and by others to Calliades. (Athen. ix.
p. 401.) From the former passage of Athenaeus
it must be inferred, that Calliades was a contemporary of the archon Eucleides, B. c. 403, and
that accordingly he belonged to the old Attic
comedy, whereas the fact of the Agnoea being
disputed between him and Diphilus shews that he
was a contemporary of the latter, and accordingly
was a poet of the new Attic comedy. For this
reason Meineke (Hist. Crit. Com. Gr. p. 450) is
inclined to believe that the name Calliades in
Athenaeus is a mistake for Callias. [L. S.]
CALLIADES (KaAAucis), the name of two
artists, a painter spoken of by Lucian (Dial. lleretr.
8, p. 300), and a statuary, who made a statue of
the courtezan Neaera. (Tatian, ad Graec. 55.) The
age and country of both are unknown. (Plin.
H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19.) [W. I.]
CALLI'ANAX (Kaia'dva[), a physician, who
probably lived in the third century B. c. He was
one of the followers of Herophilus, and appears to
have been chiefly known for the roughness and
brutality of his manners towards his patients. Some
of his answers have been preserved by Galen. To
one of his patients who said he was about to die,
he replied by the verse, El lc -re ArrcW Kaxxi7rats
*yelvaTo: and to another who expressed the same
fear he quoted the verse from Homer (II. xxi. 107),
KdarOave ical IcapoKAos, o'rep o-o iroAAo dciL'vwv.
(Galen, Comment. in Hippocr. " Epid. VI." iv. 9.
vol. xvii. pt. ii. p. 145; Pallad. Comment. Hippocr.
"E Epid. VI." ~ 8, apud Dietz, Schol. in Hiippocr.
et Gal. vol. ii. p. 112.) [W. A. G.]
CALLI'ARUS (KaAAlapos), a son of Odoedocus
and Laonome, from whom the Locrian town of
Calliarus was said to have derived its name. (Steph.
Byz. s. v.) [L. S.]
CA'LLIAS (KahhAas), a son of the Heracleid
king Temenus, who, in conjunction with his brothers, caused his father to be killed by some hired
persons, because he preferred Deiphontes, the husband of his daughter Hyrnetho, to his sons. (Apollod. ii. 8. ~ 5.) [L. S.]
CA'LLIAS and HIPPONICUS (KaAhias,
'InrovIcos), a noble Athenian family, celebrated
for their wealth, the heads of which, from the son
of Phaenippus downwards [No. 2], received these
names alternately in successive generations. (Aristoph. Av. 283; Schol. ad loc.; Perizon. ad Ael.

CALLIAS.
V. H. xiv. 16.) They enjoyed the hereditary dinity of torch-bearer at the Eleusinian mysteries,
and claimed descent from Triptolemus. (Xen. Hell.
vi. 3. ~ 6.)
1. HIPPONICUS I., the first of the family on record, is mentioned by Plutarch (Sol. 15, comp. Pol.
Praec. 13) as one of the three to whom Solon,
shortly before the introduction of his rELOard'XOa,
B. c. 594, imparted his intention of diminishing
the amount of debt while he abstained from interference with landed property. Of this information
they are said to have made a fraudulent use, and
to have enriched themselves by the purchase of
large estates with borrowed money. Backh thinks,
however (Publ. Econ. of Athens, b. iv. ch. 3), that
this story against Hipponicus may have originated
in the envy of his countrymen.
2. CALLIAS I., son of Phaenippus and probably
nephew of the above, is mentioned by Herodotus
(vi. 121) as a strong opponent of Peisistratus, and
as the only man in Athens who ventured to buy
the tyrant's property on each occasion of his expulsion. On the same authority, if indeed the chapter
be not an interpolation (vi. 122; see Larcher, ad
loc.), we learn, that he spentmuch money in keeping horses, was a conqueror at the Olympic and
Pythian games, at the former in B. c. 564 (Schol.
ad Aristoph. Av. 283), and gave large dowries to
his daughters, allowing them-a good and wise
departure from the usual practice-to marry any
of the Athenians they pleased.
3. HIPPONICUS II., surnamed Ammon, son of
Callias I., is said to have increased his wealth considerably by the treasures of a Persian general,
which had been entrusted to Diomnestus, a man
of Eretria, on the first invasion of that place by
the Persians. The invading army being all destroyed Diomnestus kept the money; but his heirs,
on the second Persian invasion, transmitted it to
Hipponicus at Athens, and with him it ultimately
remained, as all the captive Eretrians (comp. Herod. vi. 118) were sent to Asia. This story is
given by Athenaeus (xii. pp. 536, f., 537, a.) on
the authority of Heracleides of Pontus; but it is
open to much suspicion from its inconsistency with
the account of Herodotus, who mentions only one
invasion of Eretria, and that a successful one B. c.
490. (Herod. vi. 99-101.) Possibly the anecdote, like that of Callias AaicKcrAovuros below, was
one of the modes in which the gossips of Athens
accounted for the large fortune of the family.
4. CALLIAs II., son of No. 3, was present in
his priestly dress at the battle of Marathon; and
the story runs that, on the rout of the enemy, a
Persian, claiming his protection, pointed out to
him a treasure buried in a pit, and that he slew
the man and appropriated the money. Hence the
surname haiccKdrhovros (Plut. Aristeid. 5; Schol.
ad Aristoph. Nub. 65; Hesych. and Suid. s. v.
AacKKcdlrovTos), which, however, we may perhaps
rather regard as having itself suggested the tale,
and as having been originally, like Bae6rhovros,
expressive of the extent of the family's wealth.
(Bockh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, b. iv. ch. 3.) His
enemies certainly were sufficiently malignant, if
not powerful; for Plutarch (Aristeid. 25), on the
authority of Aeschines the Socratic, speaks of a
capital prosecution instituted against him on extremely weak grounds. Aristeides, who was his
cousin, was a witness on the trial, which must
therefore have taken place before B. c. 468, the