A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

532 CAELJOMONTANUS.
be invited to become their general, and according
to another account he himself carried to Camillus
the decree of the senate appointing him to the command. (Liv. v. 45, 46; Appian, Celt. 5.)
3. C. CAEDICIUS, one of the legates of the consul L. Papirius Cursor, commanded the cavalry in
the great battle with the Samnites in B. c. 293.
(Liv. x. 40.)
4. Q. CAEDICIUS Q. F. Q. N., COnsul B. c. 256,
died in his consulship, and was succeeded in the
office by M. Atilius Regulus. (Fast. Capit.)
CAE'DICUS, two mythical personages in Virgil's Aeneid (ix. 360, x. 747). [L. S.]
CAELES or CAE'LIUS VIBENNA, the
leader of an Etruscan army, who is said to have
come to Rome at the invitation of one of the early
Roman kings, and to have settled with his troops
on the hill called after him the Caelian. In whose
reign however he came, was differently stated, as
Tacitus observes. (Ann. iv. 65.) Tacitus himself
places his arrival at Rome in the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, and this is in accordance with a
mutilated passage of Festus (s. v. Tuscum vicum),
in which, moreover, Caeles and Vibenna are spoken
of as brothers. Festus, however, in another passage (s. v. Caelius Mons), Dionysius (ii. 36), and
Varro (L. L. v. 46, ed. Muller), state that Caeles
came to Rome in the age of Romulus to assist him
against the Sabines. The Etruscan story, which
is preserved in the speech of the emperor Claudius,
of which considerable fragments were discovered at
Lyons, differs considerably from the preceding
ones. According to the Etruscan account, Servius
Tullius, afterwards king of Rome, was originally
a follower of Caeles Vivenna, whose fortunes he
shared, and that afterwards overcome by a multitude of disasters he migrated to Rome with the
remains of the army of Caeles, and occupied the
Caelian hill, which he called after the name of his
former commander. It is probable that these different accounts refer to two distinct Etruscan
migrations to Rome, and that Caeles Vibenna is
thus represented as the leader of each. (Niebuhr,
Hist. of Rome, vol. i. p. 381, &c.; Miiller,Etrusker,
vol. i. p. 116, &c.)
CAELESTFNUS, an historian of the Empire
referred to by Trebellius Pollio in the biography
of the younger Valerian. We know nothing more
about him. [W. R.]
CAE'LIA or COE'LIA, the third wife of the
dictator Sulla, whom he divorced on account of
barrenness. (Plut. Sull. 6.)
CAE'LIA or COE'LIA GENS, plebeian. In
manuscripts the name is usually written Caelius,
while on coins it generally occurs in the form of
Coelius or Coilius, though we find on one coin L.
Caelius Tax. (Eckhel, v. pp. 156, 175.) From
the similarity of the names, Caelius is frequently
confounded with Caecilius. The gens traced its
origin to the Etruscan leader, Caeles Vibenna, in
the time of the Roman kings, but no members of
it obtained the higher offices of the state till the
beginning of the first century B. c.: the first who
obtained the consulship was C. Caelius Caldus in
B. c. 94. There were only two family-names in this
gens, CALDUS and RUFUs: the other cognomens
are personal surnames, chiefly of freedmen. For
those without a surname see CABLIUS.
CAELIOMONTA'NUS (not Coeliomontanus),
the name of a family of the Virginia gens. Almost
all the members of this gens had the surname Tri

CAEL1US.
costus, and the name of Caeliomontanus was undoubtedly given to the family dwelling on the
Caelian hill, to distinguish it from others of the
same gens.
1. T. VIRGINIUS TRICOSTUS CAELIOMONTANUS,
consul B. c. 496 with A. Postumius Albus Regillensis, in which year, according to some annalists,
the battle at the lake Regillus was fought. According to the same accounts, Postumius resigned
the consulship because he suspected his colleague,
and was afterwards made dictator. The battle,
however, is usually placed two years earlier. [ALBINUS, No. 1.] (Liv. ii. 21; Dionys. vi. 2.)
2. A. VIRGINIUS A. F. TRICOSTUS CAELIOMONTANUS, called by Dionysius A. Virginius Montanus,
consul B. c. 494, the year in which the plebs
seceded to the Sacred Mountain. Previous to the
secession he had marched against the Volsci, whom
he had defeated in battle, and had taken one of
their chief towns, Velitrae. He is mentioned by
Dionysius as one of the ten envoys sent by the
senate to treat with the plebs. (Liv. ii. 28-30;
Dionys. vi. 34, 42, 69; Ascon. in Cornel. p. 76,
ed. Orelli.)
3. A. VIRGINIUs A. F. A. N. TRICOSTUS CAELIOMONTANUS, son of No. 2, consul in 469, marched
against the Aequi, whom he eventually defeated
through the valour of his soldiers, though his army
was nearly destroyed in consequence of his own
negligence. (Liv. ii. 63; Dionys. ix. 56; Diod.
xi. 70.)
4. SP. VIRGINIus A. F. A. N. TRICOSTUS CAELIOMONTANUS, son of No. 2, consul B. c. 456, in
whose consulship the ludi saeculares are said to
have been celebrated the second time. (Liv. iii.
31; Dionys. x. 31; Diod. xii. 4; Censor. de Die
Nat. 17.)
- 5. T. VIRGINIUS T. F. TRICOSTUS CAELIOMONTANUS, consul B. c. 448. (Liv. iii. 65; Dionys.
xi. 51; Diod. xii. 27.)
CAE'LIUS or COE'LIUS. 1. M. CAELIUS,
tribune of the plebs in the time of M. Cato, the
censor, whom Cato attacked in a speech, in which
among other hard things he said, that Caelius would
speak or hold his tongue for a piece of bread. (Gell.
i. 15.)
2. L. CAELIUS, commanded as legate in Illyricum in the war against Perseus, B. c. 169, and
was defeated in an attempt which he made to obtain possession of Uscana in the country of the
Penestae, a town which was garrisoned by the
Macedonians. (Liv. xliii. 21.)
3. P. CAELIUS, was placed in the command of
Placentia by the consul Cn. Octavius, B. c. 87, and
when the town was taken by Cinna's army, he
caused himself to be put to death by L. Petronius,
that he might not fall into the hands of the Marian
party. (Val. Max. iv. 7. ~ 5.)
4. P. CAELIUS, perhaps a son of the preceding,
praetor with Verres, B. c. 74. (Cic. c. Verr. i. 50.)
5. M. CAELIUS, a Roman knight, from whom
Verres took away, at Lilybaeum, several silver
vases. (Cic. Verr. iv. 47.) As Cicero says that
this Caelius was still young at this time, B. c. 71,
he may be the same M. Caelius who is mentioned
in the oration for Flaccus, B. c. 59. (Cic. pro
Flacc. 4.)
6. C. CAELIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 51,
put his veto with several of his colleagues upon the
decrees of the senate directed against Caesar
(Cael. ap. Cic. ad FPam. viii. 8.)