A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

478 BAUCIS.
one main object of Pindar in the 4th Pythian
ode seems to have been to induce Arcesilaus to
adopt a more prudent and moderate course, and in
particular to recall Demophilus, a banished Cyrenaean nobleman then living at Thebes. (See especially Pyth. iv. 468, &c., Ge 7ydp Vs oovs, ic. r. A.;
Bockh and Dissen, ad loc.) It is further probable
(Thrige, ~ 45), that the city " Hesperides" in
the Cyrenaic Pentapolis (afterwards called " Berenice" from the wife of Ptolemy Euergetes) was
founded by Arcesilaus IV., with the view of
securing a retreat for himself in the event of the
successful rebellion of his subjects. It is not
known whether he died by violence or not; but
after his death royalty was abolished, and his son
Battus, who had fled to Hesperides, was there
murdered, and his head was thrown into the sea.
Various dates have been assigned for the conclusion
of the dynasty of the Battiadae; but nothing is
certain, except that it could not have ended before
B. c. 460, in which year Arcesilaus IV. won the
chariot-race at Olympia,-nor after 401, when we
hear of violent seditions between the Cyrenaean
nobles and populace. (Diod. xiv. 34; Aristot.
Polit. vi. 4, ed. Bekk.) Thrige is disposed to place
the commencement of popular government about
450. (Res Cyrenensiume, ~ 24, 45, 46, 48; comp.
Miiller, Dor. iii. 9. ~ 13.) The father of Callimachus was a Cyrenaean of the name of Battus
(Suidas, s. v. KaAX/AaXos); and the poet, who is
often called "Battiades," seems to have claimed
descent from the royal blood. (Callim. flymn in
Apoll. 65, &c., Ep. 37; Ovid. Trist. ii. 367;
Catull. 66.) [E. E.]
BAUBO (Baveu or Baec), a mythical woman
of Eleusis, whom Hesychius calls the nurse of Demeter; but the common story runs thus:-on her
wanderings in search of her daughter, Demeter
came to Baubo, who received her hospitably, and
offered her something to drink; but when the goddess, being too much under the influence of grief,
refused to drink, Baubo made such a strange gesture, that the goddess smiled and accepted the
draught. (Clem. Alex. Cohort. p. 17.) In the fragment of the Orphic hymn, which Clemens Alex.
adds to this account, it is further related, that a
boy of the name of lacchus made an indecent gesture at the at the grief of Demeter. Arnobius (Adv.
Gent. v. p. 175) repeats the story of Baubo from
Clemens, but without mentioning the boy lacchus,
who is otherwise unknown, and, if meant for Dionysus, is out of place here. The different stories
concerning the reception of Demeter at Eleusis
seem all to be inventions of later times, coined for
the purpose of giving a mythical origin to the jokes
in which the women used to indulge at the festival
of this goddess. [ASCALABUS and ASCALAPHUS,
No. 2.] [L. S.]
BAUCIS, a Phrygian woman, in whose humble
dwelling Jupiter and Mercury were hospitably received, after having been refused admission by
every one else in the country. Baucis and her
husband Philemon were therefore saved by the
gods when they visited the country with an inundation; and Jupiter made Baucis and Philemon
priests in his temple; and when the two mortals
expressed a wish to die together, Jupiter granted
their request by changing them simultaneously
into trees. (Ov. Met. viii. 620-724.) [L. S.]
BAUCIS (Baotds), a Greek poetess, who is
called a disciple of Sappho. She was a native of

BEBRYCE.
Tenos, and a friend of Erinna. She died at a youthful age, just before her marriage, and Erinna is
said to have written the epitaph upon her which
is still extant, and which, together with another
fragment of Erinna, contains all we know about
Baucis. (Anthol. Gr. vii. 710, 712; Bergk, Poet.
Lyr. Gr. p. 633.) [L. S.]
BA'VIUS and MAE'VIUS, whose names have
become a by-word of scorn for all jealous and malevolent poetasters, owe their unenviable immortality solely to the enmity which they displayed
towards the rising genius of the most distinguished
of their contemporaries, and would probably never
have been heard of but for the well-known line of
Virgil (Eel. iii. 90): " Qui Bavium non odit amet
tua carmina, Maevi," the Epode of Horace where
evil fortune is heartily anticipated to the ship
which bore "rank Maevius" as its freight, and a
caustic epigram by Domitius Marsus, in which one
and probably both are wittily assailed. Upon the
first of these passages we have the remark of Servius, " Maevius et Bavius pessimi fuerunt poetae,
inimici tam Horatio quam Virgilio, unde Horatius
Epod. x. etc." and again, upon the "serite hordea
campis," in Georgic. i. 210, the same commentator
observes, " sane reprehensus Virgilius dicitur a
Bavio et Maevio hoc versu
Hordea qui dixit, superest ut tritica dicat,"
from which it would appear, that their attack was
in the form of a poetical satire, and was moreover
a joint undertaking. Philargyrius, in his exposition of the third Eclogue, after giving the same
account of these personages as Servius, adds, that
M. Bavius was a " curator," a designation so indefinite, that it determines nothing except the fact
that he enjoyed some public appointment. Finally,
St. Jerome, in the Eusebian chronicle, records that
M. Bavius, the poet, stigmatised by Virgil in his
Bucolics, died in Cappadocia, in the third year of the
hundred and eighty-sixth Olympiad, that is, B. c. 35.
Porphyrion (ad Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 239) tells us, that
Maevius was the author of a work upon the son of
Aesopus the tragedian, and his luxury; the old
Scholiast published by Longinus (Epod. x.) observes, "Maevius poeta fuit inimicus Horatii, obtrectator certe omnium virorum doctorum, ipse
sectator vocum antiquarum," and an early annotator upon the Ibis (1. 525) asserts, that Maevius
is the person there spoken of who lampooned the
Athenians, was thrown into prison in consequence,
and starved to death; but this story has not found
credit among scholars, although many disputes have
arisen as to the individual actually referred to.
To one or other of these worthies has been attributed the practical joke played off upon Virgil,
who, when rehearsing the first book of his Georgics, having chanced to make a pause after the
words
Nudus ara, sere nudussome one of the audience completed the verse by
exclaiming
-habebis frigore febrem.
And to them also have been ascribed the Antibitcolica, two pastorals written expressly as a parody
upon the Eclogues soon after their publication.
(Donat. Vit. Virg. vii. ~ 28, xvi. ~ 61; Weichert,
Poet. Lat. Reliqu., &c., p. 308, &c.) [W. R.]
BEBIUS MASSA. [MASSA.]
BEBRYCE (B~p'Itc?/), one of the Danaids,
whom Apollodorus (ii. 1. ~ 5) calls Bryce, and