A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

AENEAS. AENEAS. 31
xiii. 463, &c.) At the beginning of the war of traditions as well as in the earlier ones. (Hygin.
the Greeks against Troy he did not take any part Fab. 115; Philostr. 1. c.) According to some acin it, and the poet intimates that there existed an counts Aeneas was not present when Troy was
ill feeling between him and Priam, who did not taken, as he had been sent by Priam on an expepay sufficient honour to Aeneas. (II. xiii. 460, &c., dition to Phrygia, while according to others he
xx. 181.) This probably arose from a decree of was requested by Aphrodite, just before the fall of
destiny, according to which Aeneas and his de- the city, to leave it, and accordingly went to mount
scendants were to rule over Troy, since the house Ida, carrying his father on his shoulders. (Dion.
of Priam had drawn upon itself the hatred of Hal. i. 48.) A third account makes him hold out
Cronion. (II. xx. 307.) One day when Aeneas at Troy to the last, and when all hopes disappeared,
was tending his flocks on mount Ida, he was Aeneas with his Dardanians and the warriors of
attacked by Achilles, who took his cattle and put Ophrynium withdrew to the citadel of Pergamus,
him to flight. But he was rescued by the gods. where the most costly treasures of the Trojans
This event, however, and the admonition of Apollo, were kept. Here he repelled the enemy and reroused his spirit, and he led his Dardanians against ceived the fugitive Trojans, until he could hold out
the Greeks. (II. xx. 89, &c., 190, &c., ii. 819, &c.) no longer. He then sent the people ahead to
Henceforth he and Hector are the great bulwarks mount Ida, and followed them with his warriors,
of the Trojans against the Greeks, and Aeneas ap- the images of the gods, his father, his wife, and
peats beloved and honoured by gods and men. (II. his children, hoping that he would be able to
xi. 58, xvi. 619, v. 180, 467, vi. 77, &c.) He is maintain himself on the heights of mount Ida. But
among the Trojans what Achilles is among the being threatened with an attack by the Greeks, he
Greeks. Both are sons of immortal mothers, both entered into negotiations with them, in consequence
are at feud with the kings, and both possess horses of which he surrendered his position and was
of divine origin. (II. v. 265, &c.) Achilles him- allowed to depart in safety with his friends and
self, to whom Hector owns his inferiority, thinks treasures. (Dionys. i. 46, &c.; Aelian, V. 1I.
Aeneas a worthy competitor. (II. xx. 175.) The iii. 22; Hygin. Fab. 254.) Others again related
place which Aeneas occupies among the Trojans is that he was led by his hatred of Paris to betray
well expressed in Philostratus (Her. 13), who says Ilion to the Greeks, and was allowed to depart
that the Greeks called Hector the hand, and Aeneas free and safe in consequence. (Dionys. I.e.) Livy
the soul of the Trojans. Respecting the brave and (i. 1) states, that Aeneas and Antenor were the
noble manner in which he protects the body of his only Trojans against whom the Greeks did not
friend Pandarus, see II. v. 299. On one occasion make use of their right of conquest, on account of
he was engaged in a contest with Diomedes, who an ancient connexion of hospitality existing behurled a mighty stone at him and broke his hip. tween them, or because Aeneas had always advised
Aeneas fell to the ground, and Aphrodite hastened his countrymen to restore Helen to Menelaus.
to his assistance (II. v. 305), and when she too (Comp. Strab. 1. c.)
was wounded, Apollo carried him from the field of The farther part of the story of Aeneas, after
battle to his temple, where he was cured by Leto leaving mount Ida with his friends and the images
and Artemis. (II. v. 345, &c.) In the attack of of the gods, especially that of Pallas (Palladium,
the Trojans upon the wall of the Greeks, Aeneas Paus. ii. 23. ~ 5) presents as many variations as
commanded the fourth host of the Trojans. (II. that relating to the taking of Troy. All accounts,
xii. 98.) He avenged the death of Alcathous by however, agree in stating that he left the coasts of
slaying Oenomaus and Aphareus, and hastened to Asia and crossed over into Europe. According to
the assistance of Hector, who was thrown on the some he went across the Hellespont to the peninground by Ajax. The last feat Homer mentions sula of Pallene and died there; according to others
is his fight with Achilles. On this as on all other he proceeded from Thrace to the Arcadian Orchooccasions, a god interposed and saved him, and this menos and settled there. (Strab. 1. c.; Paus. viii.
time it was by Poseidon, who although in general 12. ~ 5; Dionys. Hal. i. 49.) By far the greater
hostile towards the Trojans, yet rescued Aeneas, number of later writers, however, anxious to put
that the decrees of destiny might be fulfilled, and him in connexion with the history of Latium and
Aeneas and his offspring might one day rule over to make him the ancestorial hero of the Romans,
Troy. (II. xx. 178, &c., 305, &c.) Thus far only state that he went to Italy, though some assert
is the story of Aeneas to be gathered from the that the Aeneas who came to Italy was not the
Homeric poems, and far from alluding to Aeneas son of Anchises and Aphrodite, and others that
having emigrated after the capture of Troy, and after his arrival in Italy he returned to Troy,
having founded a new kingdom in a foreign land, leaving his son Ascanius behind him. (Lycophr.
the poet distinctly intimates that he conceives 1226, &c.; Dionys. i. 53; Liv. i. 1.) A deAeneas and his descendants as reigning at Troy scription of the wanderings of Aeneas before he
after the extinction of the house of Priam. (Comp. reached the coast of Latium, and of the various
Strab. xiii. p. 608.) towns and temples he was believed to have foundLater Stories. According to the Homeric hymn ed during his wanderings, is given by Dionysius
on Aphrodite (257, &c.), Aeneas was brought up (i. 50, &c.), whose account is on the whole the
by the nymphs of mount Ida, and was not taken same as that followed by Virgil in his Aeneid,
to his father Anchises, until he had reached his although the latter makes various embellishments
fifth year, and then he was, according to the wish and additions, some of which, as his landing at
of the goddess, given out as the son of a nymph. Carthage and meeting with Dido, are irreconcilable
Xenophon (De Venat. 1. ~ 15) says, that he was with chronology. From Pallene (Thrace), where
instructed by 'Cheiron, the usual teacher of the Aeneas stayed the winter after the taking of Troy,
heroes. According to the " Cypria," he even took and founded the-town of Aeneia on the Thermaic
"part in carrying off Helen. His bravery in the gulf (Liv. xl. 4), he sailed with his companions to
war against the Greeks is mentioned in the later Delos, Cythera (where he founded a temple of