A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

AZESIA.
342); i'ivva (x. p. 442); XaAhIrcL 6s (vi. p. 239, 7
'"3.;95.) [C. P. M.] (
-XIOPISTUS ('At(io-r-tros), a Locrian or h
ronian, was the author of a poem entitled,.v(v Kal tr'vFCar, which was commonly ascribed n
to Epicharmus. (Athen. xiv. p. 648, d. e.) a
AXIOPOENOS ('Atio'voivos), the avenger, a 1
surname of Athena. Under this name Heracles I
built a temple to the goddess at Sparta, after he I
had chastised Hippocoon and his sons for the mur- g
der of Oeonus. (Paus. iii. 15. ~ 4.) [L. S.] s
AXIOTHEA. [PROMETHEUS.] t
AXIO'THEA ('AWioO~a). 1. Wife of Nicocles,
king of Paphos. When Nicocles, by the command
of Ptolemy Lagi, killed himself, Axiothea slew her t
daughters with her own hand, to prevent their falling into the hands of their enemies, and then, together with her sisters-in-law, killed herself. (Diod.
xx. 21; Polyaen. Strateg. viii. 48.)
2. A native of Plilius, who came to Athens, and
putting on male attire, was for some time a hearer
of Plato, and afterwards of Speusippus. (Diog. r
Lafert. iii. 46, iv. 2; Clem. Alex. Stromat. iv. p. s
523; Themistius, Orat. iv.) [C. P. M.]
A'XIUS ("A(tos), a Paeonian river-god, who s
begotby Periboea a son, Pelegon, the father of As- i
teropaeus. (Hom. II. xxi. 141, with the note of s
Eustath.; ASTEROPAEUS.) [L. S.]
A'XIUS. 1. L. Axrus, a Roman knight, mentioned by Varro. (R. R. iii. 7.)
2. Q. Axius, an intimate friend of Cicero and
Varro, the latter of whom has introduced him as I
one of the speakers in the third book of his de Re l
Rustica. (Comp. Cic. ad Att. iii. 15, iv. 15.) Suetonius quotes (Caes. 9) from one of Cicero's letters i
to Axius, and Gellius speaks (vii. 3) of a letter
which Tiro, the freedman of Cicero, wrote to Axius,
the friend of his patron. Axius was a man of wealth,
and was accustomed to lend money, if at least the
Axius to whom Cicero talked of applying in B. c.
61 (ad Att. i. 12), is the same as the above. In
B. c. 49, however, we find that Axius was in
Cicero's debt. (ad Att. x. 11, 13, 15.)
AXUR. [ANXUR.]
AZAN ('Acdv), a s'on of Areas and the nymph
Erato, was the brother of Apheidas and Elatus,
and father of Cleitor. The part of Arcadia which
he received from his father was called, after him,
Azania. After his death, funeral games, which
were believed to have been the first in Greece,
were celebrated in his honour. (Paus. viii. 4. ~~ 2,
3, v. 1. ~ 6; Steph. Byz. s. v. 'A mavre.) [L. S.]
AZANI'TES ('AeavijT7s), a physician whose
medical formulae appear to have enjoyed some celebrity, as they are quoted with approbation by
Galen (de Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 2. vol. xiii.
p. 784), Oribasius (Synops. iii. p. 43), AEtius (Tetrab. iv. Serm. ii. 34. p. 705, and Tetrab. iv. Serm.
iii. 21. p. 772), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 55, p. 530,
vii. 19, p. 686), and others. As Galen is the earliest writer by whom he is mentioned, he must
have lived some time in or before the second century after Christ. [W. A. G.]
AZEMILCUS ('Aý4rhIcos), king of Tyre, was
serving in the Persian fleet under Autophradates
at the time when Alexander arrived at Tyre, B. c.,332. He was in the city when it was taken, but
his life was spared by Alexander. (Arrian, ii. 15,
24.)
AZE'SIA ('A soPra), a surname of Demeter and
Persephone, which is derived either from cidaiverlv

BABYS. 449
ous iKaprov's, to dry fruits, or from qrer, to seek.
Zenob. iv. 20; Suid. s. v.; Hesych. s. v.; Spanteim, ad Callim. p. 740.) [L. S.]
AZEUS ('AEris), a son of Clymenus of Orchonenos, was a brother of Erginus, Stratius, Arrhon,
and Pyleus, father of Actor and grandfather of
Astyoche. (Hom. II. ii. 513; Paus. ix. 37. ~ 2.)
He went with his brothers, under the command of
Erginus, the eldest, against Thebes, to take venieance for the murder of his father, who had been
slain by the Thebans at a festival of the Onchesian Poseidon. [ERGINUS, CLYMENUS.] [L. S.]
AZO'RUS ("A3wpos), according to Hesychius
s. v.), the helmsman of the ship Argo, who is said
to have built the Pelagonian town of Azoros.
Steph. Byz. s. v.) [L. S.]
B.
BA'BILUS, an astrologer at Rome, in the
reign of Nero (Suet. Ner. c. 36), is perhaps the
same as Barbillus. [BARBILLUS.]
BA/BRIUS (Bdptos), or BA'BRIAS (Baeptas),
sometimes also called GA'BRIAS (raepias), who
s not a different person from Babrius, as Bentley
supposed, a Greek poet, who after the example of
Socrates turned the Aesopean fables into verse.
The emperor Julian (Ep. 90) is the first writer
who mentions Babrius; but as some of Babrius's
verses are quoted by Apollonius in his Homeric
Lexicon (s. v. ear8e), though without mentioning
his name, lie lived in all probability before the
time of Augustus. [APOLLONIUS, No. 5.] This
is in accordance with the account of Avianus, who
speaks (Prasef) of Babrius before Phaedrus.
The work of Babrius, which was in Choliambic
verses [see p. 47, b.], was called MvOoi and MvOiaygfor, and was comprised in ten books according
to Suidas (s. v. Bdcptos), or two volumes (volumina)
according to Avianus. His version, which is one
of no ordinary merit, seems to have been the basis
of all the Aesopean fables which have come down
to us in various forms. Later writers of Aesopean
fables, such as Maximus Planudes, probably turned the poems of Babrius into prose, but they did
it in so clumsy a manner, that many choliambic
verses may still be traced in their fables, as Bentley
has shewn in his dissertation on Aesop's fables.
[AESOPUs, p. 48, a.] Bentley was the first writer
who called the attention of the learned to this fact,
which was proved still more clearly by Tyrwhitt
in his dissertation " De Babrio, Fabularum Aesopearum Scriptore," Lond. 1776, reprinted at Erlangen, 1785, ed. Harles. To this treatise Tyrwlitt
added the fragments of Babrius, which were but
few in number and chiefly taken from Suidas; but
several of his complete poems have been discovered
in a Florentine and Vatican MS., and were first
published by de Furia under the title of " Fabulae
Aesopicae, quales ante Planudem ferebantur,"
Flor. 1809. They have also been edited by J.Gl.
Schneider, " Aesopi Fabulae, cum Fabulis Babrii,"
Vratisl. 1812; by Berger, Baepiov VOCOwv XwALaeSIKWcv 8i~ALa rpLa, &c., Monach. 1816; and by
Knoch, " Babrii Fabulae et Fabularum Fragmenta,"
Halis Sax. 1835.
BABU'LLIUS. [BACILLUS.]
BABYS (B&dvs). 1. The same according to
Iellanicus (ap. Atlen. xv. p. 680, a.) as the Egyptinn Typhon. [TYPHON.]
2 o