A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

448 AUXESIA.
sister Agave tore Pentheus to pieces in their
Bacchic fury. (Hygin. Fab. 184.) At last grief
and sadness at the lamentable fate of the house of
her father induced her to quit Thebes, and she
went to Erineia in the territory of Megara, where
her tomb was shewn as late as the time of Pausanias. (i. 44. ~ 8.) There are five other mythical
personages of this name. (Hesiod. Theog. 258;
Apollod. i. 2. ~ 7, ii. 1. ~ 5, 7. ~ 8; Paus. viii.
9. ~ 2; Hornm. Od. xviii. 182.) [L. S.]
AUTOPHRADATES (AsiroPpaidrais), a Persian, who distinguished himself as a general in the
reign of Artaxerxes III. and Dareius Codomannus.
In the reign of the former he made Artabazus, the
revolted satrap of Lydia and lonia, his prisoner,
but afterwards set him free. (Dem. c. Aristocr.
p. 671.) [ARTABAZUS, No. 4.] After the death
of the Persian admiral, Memnon, in B. c. 333,
Autophradates and Pharnabazus undertook the
command of the fleet, and reduced Mytilene,
the siege of which had been begun by Memnon.
Pharnabazus now sailed with his prisoners to
Lycia, and Autophradates attacked the other
islands of the Aegaean, which espoused the cause
of Alexander the Great. But Pharnabazus soon
after joined Autophradates again, and both sailed
against Tenedos, which was induced by fear to
surrender to the Persians. (Arrian, Anab. ii. 1.)
During these expeditions Autophradates also laid
siege to the town of Atarneus in Mysia, but without success. (Aristot. Polit. ii. 4. ~ 10.) Among
the Persian satraps who appeared before Alexander
at Zadracarta, Arrian (Anab. iii. 23) mentions an
Autophradates, satrap of the Tapuri, whom Alexander left in the possession of the satrapy. But this
satrap is undoubtedly a different person from the
Autophradates who commanded the Persian fleet
in the Aegean. [L. S.]
AUTRO'NIA GENS, of which the only familyname mentioned is PAETUS. Persons of this gens
first came into notice in the last century of the
republic: the first member of it who obtained the
consulship was P. Autronius Paetus, in B. c. 65.
AUXE'SIA (A~g7la), the goddess who grants
growth and prosperity to the fields, a surname of
Persephone. According to a Troezenian legend,
there came once during an insurrection at Troezen
two Cretan maidens, Auxesia and Damia, who
was probably Demeter, and who, in our editions of
Pausanias, is called Lamia (perhaps only an incorrect reading for Damia). During the tumult, the
two maidens were stoned to death, whereupon the
Troezenians paid divine honours to them, and instituted the festival of the Lithobolia. (Paus. ii.
32. ~ 3.) According to an Epidaurian and Aeginetan tradition, the country of Epidaurus was visited by a season of scarcity, and the Delphic oracle advised the Epidaurians to erect statues of
Auxesia and Damia, which were to be made of
olive-wood. The Epidaurians therefore asked permission of the Athenians to cut down an Attic
olive-tree. The request was granted, on condition
that the Epidaurians should every year offer up
sacrifices to Athena Agraulos and Erechtheus.
When the condition was complied with, the country of Epidaurus again bore fruit as before. Now
when about B. C. 540 Aegina separated itself from
Epidaurus, which had till then been regarded as
its metropolis, the Aeginetans, who had had their
sacra in common with the Epidaurians, took away
the two statues of Auxesia and Damia, and

AXIONICUS.
erected them in a part of their own island called
Oea, where they offered sacrifices and celebr.'
mysteries. When the Epidaurians, in conseq'e
of this, ceased to perform the sacrifices at Ats,
and the Athenians heard of the statues being c.
ried to Aegina, they demanded their surrender of
the Aeginetans. The islanders refused, and the
Athenians threw ropes round the sacred statues,
to drag them away by force. But thunder and
earthquakes ensued, and the Athenians engaged in
the work were seized with madness, in which they
killed one another. Only one of them escaped to
carry back to Athens the sad tidings. The Aeginetans added to this legend, that the statues, while
the Athenians were dragging them down, fell upon
their knees, and that they remained in this attitude ever after. (Herod. v. 82-86; Paus. ii. 30. ~ 5;
Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 122; comp. Miiller, Dor. ii.
10. ~ 4, note f., iv. 6. ~ 11, Aeginet. p. 171.) [L. S.]
AUXO (Amio). 1. [HORAE.]
2. An ancient Attic divinity, who was worshipped, according to Pausanias (ix. 35. ~ 1), together with Hegemone, under the name of Charites.
[CHARITES.] [L. S.]
A'XIA GENS, plebeian, of which very little
is known, as there are only two or three persons
of this name mentioned by ancient writers. There
is a coin of this gens bearing on the obverse the
cognomen Naso, and on the reverse the inscription
L. Axsius L. F. (Eckhel, v. p. 148); Axsius being
instead of Axius, in the same way as we find Maxsumus for Maxumus and Aleasandrea for Alexandrea. We do not know who this L. Axsius Naso
was; as the Axii mentioned by ancient writers
have no cognomen. [Axius.]
AXI'EROS ('Abeipos), a daughter of Cadmilus,
and one of the three Samothracian Cabeiri. According to the Paris-Scholia on Apollonius (i. 915 -921), she was the same as Demeter. The two
other Cabeiri were Axiocersa (Persephone), and
Axiocersus (Hades). [CABEIRI.] [L. S.]
AXILLA, the name of a family of the Servilia
gens, which is merely another form of AHALA.
Axilla is a diminutive of Ala. (Comp. Cic. Orat.
45.) We have only one person of this name mentioned, namely,
C. SERVILIUS Q. F. C. N. (STRUCTUS) AXILLA,
consular tribune in B. c. 419 and again in 418,
in the latter of which he was magister equitum
to the dictator Q. Servilius Priscus Fidenas. This
is the account of the Fasti Capitolini; but Livy
calls the consular tribune in B. c. 418 only C.
Servilius, and says that he was the son of the
dictator Q. Servilius Priscus Fidenas. He also
tells us that some annals related, that the magister
equitum was the son of the dictator, while others
called him Servilius Ahala (Axilla). (Liv. iv. 45,
46.)
AXION ('A4Ianv). 1. A son of Phegeus of
Psophis, and brother of Temenus and Arsinoi or
Alphesiboea. (Paus. viii. 24. ~ 4.) Apollodorus (iii.
7. ~ 5) calls the two sons of Phegeus, Agenor and
Pronous. [AGENOR, No.5, ALCMAEON, ACARNAN.]
2. A son of Priam, who was slain by Eurypylus,
the son of Euaemon. (Hygin. Fab. 90; Paus. x.
27.) [L. S.]
AXIONI'CUS ('Auio'vicos), an Athenian poet
of the middle comedy. Some unimportant fragments of the following plays have been preserved
by Athenaeus: the Tv3Ppro s or Tv3vCWKis (iv. p.
166, vi. p. 244);?i'evpnriSts (iv. p. 175, viii. p.