A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

AURELIUS.
edition of the whole work is that by Haller, Lausan, 1774, 8vo. 2 vols. A new edition was begun
at Paris by Delattre, 1826, 8vo., but only one volume was published. Some academical dissertations
on Caelius Aurelianus were published by C. G.
KiIhn, which are reprinted in his Opuscula Academica Medica et Philologica, Lips. 1827, 1828, 8vo.
vol. ii. p. 1, &c. For further information respecting
Caelius Aurelianus, see Haller's Biblioth. Medic.
Pract. vol. i.; Sprengel's Hist de la Mid. vol. ii.;
Bostock's Hist. of Med.; and Choulant's Handbuch
der Bilcherkunde fur die Aeltere Medicin, Leipzig,
8vo. 1841, from which two latter works the preceding account has been taken. [W. A. G.]
AURELIA'NUS FESTI'VUS. [FESTIVUS.]
AURE'LIUS, one of the names of several

AURELIUS.

439

Roman emperors, of whom an account is given
under ANTONINUS, AURELIUS, CARACALLA, CARINUS, CARUS, CLAUDmUS, COMMODUS, MAXENTIUS, MAXIMIANUS, NUMERIANUS, PROBUS,
QUINTILLus, RoULUS, SEVERUS, VERUS.
M. AURE'LIUS ANTONI'NUS, commonly
distinguished by the epithet of " the philosopher,"
was born at Rome, on the Coelian hill, on the 20th
of April, A. D. 121. From his paternal ancestors,
who for three generations had held high offices of
state and claimed descent from Numa, he inherited
the name of M. Annius Verus, while from his
great-grandfather on the mother's side he received
the appellation of Catilius Severus. The principal
members and connexions of the family are represented in the following table:

Annius Verus, of praetorian rank, a native
of the municipium of Succubo in Spain.
Annius Verus, consul for a third time A. D. 126,
and praef. urb. Married Rupilia Faustina,
daughter of Rupilius Bonus, a consular.
Annius Annius Verus. Married Annia Galeria
Libo, Domitia Calvilla, named Faustina Augusta,
Consul, also Lucilla, and died wife of Antoninus
A. D. 128. while praetor. Pius Augustus.
Annia M. Annius Verus, Annia Faustina
Cornificia, postea Augusta, wife of
younger M. AURELIUS ANTONINUS Marcus Aurelius
than M. AUGUSTUS. Married Antoninus AuAurelius. his first cousin, Annia gustus.
Faustina.
I

Maternal Descent.
L. Catilius Severus,
consul A. D. 120, and praef. urb.
Catilia. (Not named),
married, it would seem,
L. Calvisius Tullus,
consul a second time 109.
1
Domitia Calvilla.
Married Annius Verus.
M. Annius Verus,
postea
M. AURELIUS ANTONINUS
AUo.

Annius
Verus
Caesar,
bornl
163,
died
170.

Antoninus
Geminus,
twin brother of
Commodus,
died when
4 years old.

L. Aurelius Commodus Augustus,
born 31 August,
A. D. 161. Married Brutia Crispina, daughter of
Brutius Praesens.

Annia Lucilla Augusta, wife
of L. Aurelius Verus Augustus, the colleague of M.
Aurelius. Her second husband was Claudius Pompeianus, a Roman knight,
of Syrian extraction.

Vibia
Aurelia
Sabina.

Domitia Fadilla.
Faustina.

N.B. M. Aurelius and Faustina seem to have had several children in addition to the above. Three
daughters were still alive after the death of Commodus (Lamprid. Commod. 18; Herodian. i. 12),
and one of these was put to death by Caracalla in 212. We find in an inscription the names of his
sons, T. Aurelius Antoninus, and T. Aelius Aurelius, both of whom were, it is probable, older than
Commodus, and died young. (See Tillemont.)
The father of young Marcus having died while Pius, both he and L. Ceionius Commodus, son of
praetor, the boy was adopted by his grandfather, Aelius Caesar, were adopted by Antoninus Pius,
Annius Verus, and from a very early period enjoyed immediately after the latter had been himself
the favour of Hadrian, who bestowed on him the adopted by Hadrian. He was now styled M.
honours of the equestrian order when only six Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar, and was immediately
years old, admitted him as a member of the frater- chosen to fill the office of quaestor for the following
nity of the Salian priests at the age of eight, and year. The proposed union with the daughtei of
as a tribute to the sincerity and truthfulness of his Aelius Caesar was set aside, on account, it was
disposition, was wont in playful affection to ad- alleged, of disparity in age, and Faustina, the
dress him not as Verus but Verissimus. At the age daughter of Pius, who had been previously desof fifteen he received the manly gown, and was be- tined by Hadrian for young Ceionius Commodus,
trothed to the daughter of Aelius Caesar, the heir- was fixed upon as the future wife of Marcus Aureapparent to the throne. But not long after (138), lius. Their nuptials, however, were not celebrated
in consequence of the sudden death of his intended until after a lapse of seven years. (145.) In 140
father-in-law, still more brilliant prospects were he was raised to the consulship, and in 147, after
suddenly opened up to the youth. For, according the birth of a daughter by Faustina, was permitted
to the arrangement explained under ANTONINus to share the tribunate, and was invested with va