A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ATTALUS.
veyed to Pergamus, and died the same year, in the
seventy-second year of his age, after a reign of
forty-four years. (Liv. xxxii. 16, 19, 23, 24, 33,
xxxiii. 2, 21; Polyb. xvii. 2, 8, 16, xviii. 24, xxii.
2, &c.) As a ruler, his conduct was marked by
wisdom and justice; he was a faithful ally, a generous friend, and an affectionate husband and father. He encouraged the arts and sciences. (Diog.
Laert. iv. 8; Athen. xv. p. 697; Plin. H. N. viii.
74, xxxiv. 19. ~ 24, xxxv. 49.) By his wife,
Apollonias or Apollonis, he had four sons: Eumenes,
who succeeded him, Attalus, Philetaerus, and
Athenaeus.
II. Surnamed PHILADELPHUS, was the second
son of Attalus I., and was born in B. c. 200. (Lucian, Macrob. 12; Strab. xiii. p. 624.) Before his
accession to the crown, we frequently find him employed by his brother Eumenes in military operations. In B. c. 190, during the absence of Eumenes, he resisted an invasion of Seleucus, the son of
Antiochus, and was afterwards present at the battle of Mount Sipylus. (Liv. xxxvii. 18, 43.) In
B. c. 189, he accompanied the consul Cn. Manlius
Vulso in his expedition into Galatia. (Liv. xxxviii.
12; Polyb. xxii. 22.) In 182, he served his brother in his war with Pharnaces. (Polyb. xxv. 4, 6.)
In 171, with Eumenes and Athenaeus, he joined
the consul P. Licinius Crassus in Greece. (Liv.
xlii. 55, 58, 65.) He was several times sent to
Rome as ambassador: in B. c. 192, to announce
that Antiochus had crossed the Hellespont (Liv.
xxxv. 23); in 181, during the war between Eumenes and Pharnaces (Polyb. xxv. 6); in 167, to congratulate the Romans on their victory over Perseus.
Eumenes being in ill-favour at Rome at this time,
Attanlus was encouraged with hopes of getting the
kingdom for himself; but was induced, by the remonstrances of a physician named Stratius, to
abandon his designs. (Liv. xlv. 19,.20; Polyb.
xxx. 1-3.) In 164 and 160, he was again sent
to Rome. (Polyb. xxxi. 9, xxxii. 3, 5.)
Attauins succeeded his brother Eumenes in B. c.
159. His first undertaking was the restoration of
Ariarathes to his kingdom. (Polyb. xxxii. 23.)
In 156, he was attacked by Prusias, and found
himself compelled to call in the assistance of the
Romans and his allies, Ariarathes and Mithridates.
In B. c. 154, Prusias was compelled by the threats
of the Romans to grant peace, and indemnify Attalus for the losses he had sustained. (Polyb. iii. 5,
xxxii. 25, &c., xxxiii. 1, 6, 10, 11; Appian, Mlithr.
3, &c.; Diod. xxxi. Exc. p. 589.) In 152, he sent
somen troops to aid Alexander Balas in usurping the
throne of Syria (Porphyr. ap. Eaiseb. p. 187; Justin. xxxv. 1), and in 149 he assisted Nicomedes
against his father Prusias. He was also engaged
in hostilities with, and conquered, Diegylis, a Thracian prince, the father-in-law of Prusias (Diod.
xxxiii. Exc. p. 595, &c.; Strab. xiii. p. 624), and
sent some auxiliary troops to the Romans, which
assisted them in expelling the pseudo-Philip and
in taking Corinth. (Strab. 1. c.; Paus. vii. 16. ~ 8.)
During the latter part of his life, he resigned himself to the guidance of his minister, Philopoemen.
(Plut. Mor. p. 792.) He founded Philadelphia in
Lydia (Steph. Byz. s.v.) and Attaleia in Pamphylia.
(Strab. xiv. p. 667.) He encouraged the arts and'
sciences, and was himself the inventor of a kind of
embroidery. (Plin. IH. N. vii. 39, xxxv. 36. ~ 19,
viii. 74; Athen. viii. p. 346, xiv. p. 634.) He
died a. c. 138, aged eighty-two.

ATTALUS.

411

III. Surnamed PHILOMETOR, was the son of
Eumenes II. and Stratonice, daughter of Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia. While yet a boy, he
was brought to Rome (B. c. 152), and presented to
the senate at the same time with Alexander Balas.
He succeeded his uncle Attanlus II. B. c. 138. He
is known to us chiefly for the extravagance of Ihis
conduct and the murder of his relations and friends,
At last, seized with remorse, he abandoned all
public business, and devoted himself to sculpture,
statuary, and gardening, on which he wrote a work.
He died B. c. 133 of a fever, with which he was
seized in consequence of exposing himself to the
sun's rays while engaged in erecting a msonument
to his mother. In his will, lie made the Romans
his heirs. (Strab. xiii. p. 624; Polyb. xxxiii. 16;
Justin. xxxvi. 14; Diod. xxxiv. Exc. p. 601;
Varro, R. R. Praef.; Columell. i. 1. ~ 8; Plin,
H. N. xviii. 5; Liv. Epit. 58; Plut. Tib. Gracci.
14; Veil. Pat. ii. 4; Florus, ii. 20; Appian. Mitlr.
62, Bell. Civ. v. 4.) His kingdom was claimed
by Aristonicus. [ARISTONicus.] [C. P. M.]
A'TTALUS, emperor of the West for one year
(A. D. 409, 410), the first raised to that office
purely by the influence of barbarians. He was
born in lonia, brought up as a Pagan (Philostorgius, xii. 3), and received baptism from an Arian
bishop. (Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. ix. 9.) Having become senator and praefect of the city at the time
of Alaric's second siege of Rome, he vwas, after the
surrender of the place, declared emperor by the
Gothic king and his army, in the place of Honorius, and conducted by them in state to Ravenna,
where he sent an insulting message to Honorius,
commanding him to vacate the throne, amputate
his extremities, and retire to a desolate island.
(Philostorgius, xii. 3.) But the union of pride and
folly which he had shewn in the first days of his
reign, by proposing to reannex Egypt and the East
to the empire (Sozomen, Hlist. Ecl. ix. 8), and later
by adopting measures without Alaric's advice, induced the Gothic chief to depose him on the plain
of Ariminuim. (Zosimus, vi. 6-13.) After the
death of Alaric, he remained in the camp of Ataulphus, whom, as emperor, he had made count of the
domestics, and whose nuptials with Placidia he celebrated as a musician. He was again put forward
by Ataulphus as a rival emperor, during the insurrection of Jovinus, but on being abandoned by him
(Olympiod. apud Phot. p. 58), was taken prisoner,
and on being brought before the tribunal of Ilonorius, was condemned to a sentence with which he
had himself threatened Honorius in his former prosperity, viz. the amputation of his thumb and forefinger, and perpetual banishment to the island of
Lipari, A. D. 416. (Philostorgius, xii. 4, with
Godefroy's Dissertations.)
There is in the British Museum a silver coin of
this emperor, once in the collection of Cardinal
Albano, and supposed to be unique. It is remarkable as exceeding in size all known ancient silver
coins, and weighs about 1203 grains, and in the
usual numismatic language would be represented
by the number 133.
The obverse is, PRISCUS. ATTALVS, P. F. AUG.,
a protome of Attalus, turned to the right, wearing
a fillet ornamented iwith pearls round his forehead,
and the pdaludamentzidm fastened across the right
shoulder with the usual ibdla.
The reverse is, INvICTA. ROMA. AETERNA. R. SM.
Rome, helmeted and draped to the feet, sit