A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ATTALUS.
Tiro Proftciscens. (Priscian, viii. p. 828.) The
fragments of Atta are collected by Bothe, in Po't.
Seen. Lat. vol. v. par. ii. p. 97, &c.; compare Weichert, Poit. Lat. Reliquiae, p. 345.
ATTAGPNUS ('Arrayvos), the son of Phrynon, one of the leading men in Thebes, betrayed
Thebes to Xerxes on his invasion of Greece (Paus.
vii. 10. ~ 1), and took an active part in favour of
the Persians. He invited Mardonius and fifty of
the noblest Persians in his army to a splendid
banquet at Thebes, shortly before the battle of
Plataea, B. c. 479. After the battle, the Greeks
marched against Thebes, and required Attaginus,
with the other partisans of the Median party, to
be delivered up to them. This was at first refused;
but, after the city had been besieged for twenty
days, his fellow-citizens determined to comply with
the demands of the Greeks. Attaginus made his
escape, but his family were handed over to Pausanias, who dismissed them without injury. (Herod.
ix. 15, 86, 88; Athen. iv. p. 148, e.)
ATTALI'ATA,* MICHAEL, a judge and proconsul under Michael Ducas, emperor of the East,
at whose command he published, A. D. 1073, a
work containing a system of law in 95 titles, under
the name vroir'la voIwoCv ifjroTL paytaLracK'. This
work was translated into Latin by Leunclavius,
and edited by him in the beginning of the second
volume of his collection, Jus Graeco-Romanum.
If it is a poem, as might be inferred from the title,
no one has yet observed the fact or discovered the
metre in which it is written. noiroua vocLKudyV is
usually translated opus dejure. The historians of
Roman law before Ritter (Ritter, ad Heinec. Hist.
J. R. ~ 406) wrote irovxya for erolpea. There are
many manuscripts of the work in existence, which
differ considerably from the printed edition of
Leunclavius. (Bach, Hist. J. R. p. 682.) It may
be mentioned that extracts from a similar contemporary work, emIvoýFIs Tr(P '4eIUw, by Michael
Psellus, are given by Leunclavius as scholia to the
work of Attaliata, and printed as if they were
prose, whereas they aro really specimens of the
7roAhrUiKol rrrIxot, or popular verses, in which accent or emphasis is supposed to supply the place of
quantity. [PSELLUS.] (Heimbach, Anecdota, i.
125-6; C. E. Zachariae, Historiae Juris GraecoRomani delineatio,p. 71, Heidelberg, 1839.) [J.T.G.]
ATTA'LION ('ArTaxiCw ), a physician, who
wrote a commentary on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, which is now lost. His date is very uncertain, as he is mentioned only in the preface to the
Commentary on the Aphorisms falsely ascribed to
Oribasius, who lived in the fourth century after
Christ. [W. A. G.]
A'TTALUS ('ATrraXos). 1. One of the generals
of Philip of Macedon, and the uncle of Cleopatra,
whom Philip married in B. c. 337. He is called
by Justin (ix. 5), and in one passage of Diodorus
(xvii. 2), the brother of Cleopatra; but this is undoubtedly a mistake. (Wess. ad Diod. xvi. 93,
xvii. 2.) At the festivities in celebration of the

ATTALUS. 409
marriage of his niece, Attalus, when the guests
were heated with wine, called upon the company
to beg of the gods a legitimate (yvrairtos) successor
to the throne. This roused the wrath of Alexander who was present, and a brawl ensued, in which
Philip drew his sword and rushed upon his son.
Alexander and his mother Olympias withdrew from
the kingdom (Plut. Alex. 7; Justin, ix. 7; Athen.
xiii. p. 557, d. e.); but though they soon afterwards
returned, the influence of Attalus does not appear
to have been weakened. Philip's connexion with
Attalus not only thus involved him in family dissensions, but eventually cost him his life. Attalus
had inflicted a grievous outrage upon Pausanias, a
youth of noble family, and one of Philip's bodyguard. Pausanias complained to Philip; but, as
he was unable to obtain the punishment of the
offender, he resolved to be revenged upon the king
himself, and accordingly assassinated him at the
festival at Aegae in B. c. 336. [PHILIP.] (Arist.
Pol. v. 8. ~ 10; Diod. xvi. 93; Plut. Alex. 10;
Justin, ix. 6.) Attalus was in Asia at the time of
Philip's death, as he had been previously sent thither, along with Parmenion and Amyntas in the
command of some troops, in order to secure the
Greek cities in Western Asia to the cause of Philip. (Diod. xvi. 91; Justin, ix. 5.) Attalus could
have little hope of obtaining Alexander's pardon, and
therefore entered very readily into the proposition
of Demosthenes to rebel against the new monarch.
But, mistrusting his power, he soon afterwards endeavoured to make terms with Alexander, and
sent him the letter which he had received from
Demosthenes. This, however, produced no change
in the purpose of Alexander, who had previously
sent Hecataeus into Asia with orders to arrest Attalus, and convey him to Macedon, or, if this could
not be accomplished, to kill him secretly. Hecateus thought it safer to adopt the latter course, and
had him assassinated privately. (Diod. xvii. 2,
3, 5.)
2. Son of Andromenes the Stymphaean, and one
of Alexander's officers, was accused with his brothers, Amyntas and Simmias, of having been engaged in the conspiracy of Philotas, B. c. 330, but
was acquitted, together with his brothers. [AMYNTAS, No. 4.] In B. c. 328, Attalus was left with
Polysperchon and other officers in Bactria with
part of the troops, while the king himself marched
against the Sogdians. (Arrian, iv. 16.) He accompanied Alexander in his expedition into India,
and was employed in several important duties.
(Arrian, iv. 27, v. 12.) In Alexander's last illness, B. c. 323, he was one of the seven chief officers who passed the night in the temple of Serapis
at Babylon, in order to learn from the god whether
Alexander should be carried into the temple. (Arrian, vii. 26.)
After the death of Alexander, Attalus joined
Perdiccas, whose sister, Atalante, he had married.
lie accompanied his brother-in-law in his unfortunate campaign against Egypt in B. c. 321, and had
the command of the fleet. After the murder of
Perdiccas, all his friends were condemned to death
by the army; Atalante, who was in the camp, was
immediately executed, but Attalus escaped his
wife's fate in consequence of his absence with the
fleet at Pelusium. He forthwith sailed to Tyre,
where the treasures of Perdiccas had been deposited. These, which amounted to as much as 800
talents, were surrendered to him by Archelaus,

* The quantity of the name appears from the
last lines of an epigram prefixed to the edition of
Leunclavius:
T'sr0pere? ^ rV? 'ypae)- (pioq'ppvws
'O0 MXaXi)A\ dvOdtraros 'ArrTaeta'xrs.
In some MSS. the name in the title of the work
is spelled 'ArTahnetIcTs. It is derived from the
place Attala.