A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

380 ASCALAPIIUS.
despair at seeing his troops desert to Scribonius.
Strabo (vii. p. 311) speaks of a wall or a ditch
which Asander constructed across the Isthmus of
the Crimea, of 360 stadia in length, to protect the
peninsula against the incursions of the nomadic
tribes. (Mannert, Geogr. der Griech. u. Rom. iv.
p. 293.) [L. S.]
ASBAMAEUS ('Ao-cauaos), a surname 'of
Zeus, the protector of the sanctity of oaths. It
was derived from a well, Asbamaeon near Tyana,
in Cappadocia, the water of which was said to be
beneficial and pleasant to honest persons, but pestilential to those who were guilty of perjury.
When perjured persons drank of the water, it produced a disease of the eyes, dropsy, and lameness,
so that the guilty persons were unable to walk
away from the well, and were obliged to own
their crime. (Philostr. Vit. Apollon. i. 6.; PseudoAristot. Mirab. Auscult. 163; Armmian. Marcellin.
xxiii. 6.) [L. S.]
A'SBOLUS ("Auo'oXos), a centaur, whom Hesiod
(Scut. Here. 185) calls oicvia-rs, probably from
his skill in observing or prophesying from the
flight of birds. He fought against the Lapithae
at the nuptials of Peirithous, and was subsequently
nailed to a cross by Heracles, who is said to have
made an epigram upon him, which is preserved in
Philostratus. (Her. xix. ~ 17; comp. Tzetz. Chil.
v. 22.) [L. S.]
ASCA'LABUS ('Aoa'dXeaos), a son of Misme.
When Demeter on her wanderings in search of her
daughter Persephone came to Misme in Attica, the
goddess was received kindly, and being exhausted
and thirsty, Misme gave her something to drink.
As the goddess emptied the vessel at one draught,
Ascalabus laughed at her, and ordered a whole
cask to be brought. Demeter indignant at his
conduct, sprinkled the few remaining drops from
her vessel upon him and thereby changed him into
a lizard. (Antonin. Lib. 24; Ov. Met. v. 447,
where a similar story is related, though without the
name either of Misme or Ascalabus; Welcker, Das
Kunst-Museum zu Bonn, p. 74, &c.) For different legends respecting what happened to Demeter
on her arrival in Attica, see BAUno, IAMBnE, and
METANEIRA. [L. S.]
ASCA'LAPHUS ('AcdAopos). 1. A son of
Ares and Astyoche, and brother of Ialmenus,
together with whom he led the Minyans of Orchomenos against Troy, in thirty ships. (Hom. II. ii.
511, &c.) In the war against Troy, he was slain
by the hand of Deiphobus, at which Ares was
filled with anger and indignation. (II. xiii. 519,
&c., xv. 110, &c.; comp. Paus. ix. 37. ~ 3.)
According to Apollodorus (i. 9. ~ 16, iii. 10. ~ 8)
Ascalaphus was one of the Argonauts, and also one
of the suitors of Helen. Hyginus in one passage
(Fab. 97) calls Ascalaphus and lalmenus sons of
Lycus of Argos, while in another (Fab. 159) he
agrees with the common account. One tradition
described Ascalaphus as having gone from Troy to
Samareia, and as having been buried there by
Ares. The name of Samareia itself was derived
from this occurrence, that is, from eadna or oalja
and 'Ap-s. (Eustath. ad Homr. p. 1009.)
2. A son of Acheron by Gorgyra (Apollod. i. 5.
~ 3) or by Orphne. (Ov. Met. v. 540.) Servius
(ad Aen. iv. 462) calls him a son of Styx. When
Persephone was in the lower world, and Pluto
gave her permission to return to the upper, piovided she had not eaten anything, Ascalaphus

ASCLEPIADES.
declared that she had eaten part of a pomegranate.
Demeter (according to Apollodorus, 1. e., ii. 5. ~ 12)
punished him by burying him under a huge stone,
and when subsequently this stone was removed by
Heracles, she changed Ascalaphus into an owl.
According to Ovid, Persephone herself changed
him into an owl by sprinkling him with water of
the river Phlegethon. There is an evident resemblance between the mythus of Ascalabus and that
of Ascalaphus. The latter seems to be only a
modification or continuation of the former, and the
confusion may have arisen from the resemblance
between the words dar dxaeos, a lizard, and doicaAaeos, an owl. [L. S.]
A'SCALUS ("AomcaXos), a son of Hymenaeus,
and a general of the Lydian king Aciamus, who is
said to have built the town of Ascalon in Syria.
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AucKANwV.) [L. S.]
ASCA'NIUS ('A-KdviLos), a son of Aeneas by
Creusa (Virg. Aen. ii. 666), or by Lavinia. (Liv.
i. 1, 3; Serv. ad Aen. vi. 760.) From Livy it
would seem that some traditions distinguished between an earlier and a later Ascanius, the one a
son of Creusa, and the other of Lavinia. After the
fall of Troy, Ascanius and some Phrygian allies of
the Trojans were sent by Aeneas to the country
of Dascylitis, whose inhabitants made Ascanius
their king; but he soon returned to Troy, and
ruled there after the death of his father, who, according to some traditions, had likewise returned
to Troy. (Dionys. Hal. i. 47, 53.) Another
legend made Ascanius found a new kingdom at
Scepsis in Troas, in conjunction with Scamandrius,
the son of Hector. (Strab. xiii. p. 607.) Others
again, according to whom his original name was
Euryleon, made him accompany his father to Italy
and succeed him as king of the Latins. (Dionys.
i. 65.) Livy states that on the death of his father
Ascanius was yet too young to undertake the government, and that after he had attained the age
of manhood, he left Lavinium in the hands of his
mother, and migrated to Alba Longa. Here he
was succeeded by his son Silvius. According to
Dionysius (i. 70), Silvius was a younger brother of
Ascanius, and disputed the succession with Julus,
a son of Ascanius. The dispute was decided in
favour of Silvius. Servius (ad Aen. i. 271) states,
that Ascanius was also called Ilus, Julus, Dardanus, and Leontodamus. The gens Julia at
Rome traced its pedigree up to Julus and Ascanius.
(Heyne, Excrs. viii., ad A en. i.) In the stories
about Troy there occur three other personages of
the name Ascanius. (Apollod. iii. 12. ~ 5; Hom.
II. ii. 862, xiii. 792.) [L. S.]
A'SCARUS ("Aeeeapos), a Theban statuary,
who made a statue of Zeus, dedicated by the
Thessalians at Olympia. (Paus. v. 24. ~ 1.)
Thiersch (Epochen der bild. Kunst, p. 160, &c.
Anm.) endeavours to shew that he was a pupil of
Ageladas of Sicyon. [AGELADAS.] [C. P. M.]
A'SCLAPO, a physician of Patrae, in Achaia,
who attended on Cicero's freedman, Tiro, during
an illness, B. c. 51. (Cic. ad Fam. xvi. 9.) Cicero
was so much pleased by his kindness and his
medical skill, that he wrote a letter of recommendation for him to Servius Sulpicius, B. c. 47. (xiii.
20.) [W. A.G.]
ASCLEPI'ADAE. [AESCULAPIUS.]
ASCLEPI'ADES ('Ao-KAcqsnras). 1. Of ALE.XANDRIA, seems to have been a grammarian, as the
Scholiast on Aristophanes (Nub. 37) quotes him