A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

S68 ARTABAZUS.
brothers, Dareius and Artaxerxes, gives a different
account of the circumstances under which Artabanus was killed. (Comp. Ctesias, Pers. p. 38,
&c., ed Lion; Aristot. Polit. v. 10.)
3. A Greek historian of uncertain date, who
wrote a work on the Jews (Trep 'Iovlawv), some of
the statements of which are preserved in Clemens
Alexandrinus (Strom. i. p. 149), the Chronicum
Alexandrinum (p. 148), and Eusebius. (Praep.
Evang. ix. 18, 23, 27.)
4. I. II. III. IV., kings of Parthia. [ARSACES,
III. VIII. XIX. XXXI.] [L. S.]
ARTABAZA'NES ('ApTrayadvs). 1. The
eldest son of Dareius Hystaspis, also called Ariabignes. [ARIABIGNES.]
2. King of the people whom Polybius calls the
Satrapeii, and who appear to have inhabited that
part of Asia usually called Media Atropatene.
Artabazanes was the most powerful king of this
part of Asia in the time of Antiochus the Great,
and appears to have been descended from Atropatus,
who founded the kingdom in the time of the last
king of Persia, and was never conquered by the
Macedonians. When Antiochus marched against
Artabazanes, in B. c. 220, he made peace with
Antiochus upon terms which the latter dictated.
(Polyb. v. 55.)
ARTABA'ZES. [ARTAVASDES.]
ARTABA'ZUS ('Aprd&aeos). 1. A Median,
who acts a prominent part in Xenophon's account
of Cyrus the Elder, whose relative Artabazus pretended to be. He is described there as a friend of
Cyrus, and advising the Medes to follow Cyrus
and remain faithful to him. Cyrus employed him
on various occasions: when Araspes was on the
point of violating Pantheia, the wife of Abradatas,
Cyrus sent Artabazus to protect her; in the war
against Croesus, Artabazus was one of the chiliarchs
of the infantry. Cyrus bestowed upon him various
honours and presents for his faithful attachment.
(Xenoph. Cyrop. i. 4. ~ 27, iv. 1. ~ 23, v. 1. ~ 23,
vi. 1. ~~ 9, 34, vi. 3. ~ 31, vii. 5. ~ 48, viii. 3,
~ 25, 4. ~~ 1, 12, 24.)
2. A distinguished Persian, a son of Pharnaces,
who lived in the reign of Xerxes. In the expedition of this king to Greece, B. c. 480, Artabazus
commanded the Parthians and Choasmians.
(Herod. vii. 66.) When Xerxes quitted Greece,
Artabazus accompanied him as far as the Hellespont, and then returned with his forces to Pallene.
As Potidaea and the other towns of Pallene had
revolted from the king after the battle of Salamis,
Artabazus determined to reduce them. He first
laid siege to Olynthus, which he took; he butchered the inhabitants whom he had compelled to
quit the town, and gave the place and the town to
the Chalcidians. After this Artabazus began the
siege of Potidaea, and endeavoured to gain his end
by bribes; but the treachery was discovered and
his plans thwarted. The siege lasted for three
months, and when at last the town seemed to be
lost by the low waters of the sea, which enabled
his troops to approach the walls from the sea-side,
an almost wonderful event saved it, for the returning tide was higher than it had ever been before.
The troops of Artabazus were partly overwhelmed
by the waters and partly cut down by a sally of the
Potidaeans. He now withdrew with the remnants
of his army to Thessaly, to join Mardonius. (viii.
126-130.)
Shortly before the battle of Plataeae, B. c. 479,

ARTABAZUS.
Artabazus dissuaded Mardonius from entering on
an engagement with the Greeks, and urged him to
lead his army to Thebes in order to obtain provisions for the men and the cattle; for he entertained the conviction that the mere presence of the
Persians would soon compel the Greeks to surrender. (ix. 41.) His counsel had no effect, and
as soon as he perceived the defeat of the Persians
at Plataeae,he fled with forty thousand men through
Phocis, Thessaly, Macedonia, and Thrace, to Byzantium, and led the remnants of his army, which
had been greatly diminished by hunger and the
fatigues of the retreat, across the Hellespont into
Asia. (ix. 89; Diod. xi. 31, 33.) Subsequently
Artabazus conducted the negotiations between
Xerxes and Pausanias. (Thuc. i. 129; Died. xi.
44; C. Nepos, Paus. 2, 4.)
3. One of the generals of Artaxerxes I., was
sent to Egypt to put down the revolt of Inarus,
B. c. 462. He advanced as far as Memphis, and
accomplished his object. (Diod. xi. 74, 77; comp.
Thuc. i. 109; Ctesias, Pers. p. 42, ed. Lion.) In
B. c. 450, he was one of the commanders of the
Persian fleet, near Cyprus, against Cimon. (Diod.
xii. 4.)
4. A Persian general, who was sent in B. c.
362, in the reign of Artaxerxes II., against the
revolted Datames, satrap of Cappadocia, but was
defeated by the bravery and resolution of the
latter. (Diod. xv. 91; comp. Thirlwall, Hist. of
Greece, vi. p. 129.) In the reign of Artaxerxes
III., Artabazus was satrap of western Asia, but in
B. c. 356 he refused obedience to the king, which
involved him in a war with the other satraps, who
acknowledged the authority of Artaxerxes. He
was at first supported by Chares, the Athenian,
and his mercenaries, whom he rewarded very
generously. Afterwards he was also supported by
the Thebans, who sent him 5000 men under Pammenes. With the assistance of these and other
allies, Artabazus defeated his enemies in two great
battles. Artaxerxes, however, succeeded in depriving him of his Athenian and Boeotian allies,
whereupon Artabazus was defeated by the king's
general, Autophradates, and was even taken
prisoner. The Rhodians, Mentor and Memnon,
two brothers-in-law of Artabazus, who had likewise supported him, still continued to maintain
themselves, as they were aided by the Athenian
Charidemus, and even succeeded in obtaining the
liberation of Artabazus. After this, Artabazus
seems either to have continued his rebellious operations, or at least to have commenced afterwards
a fresh revolt; but he was at last obliged, with
Memnon and his whole family, to take refuge with
Philip of Macedonia. During the absence of Artabazus, Mentor, his brother-in-law, was of great
service to the king of Persia in his war against
Nectanebus of Egypt. After the close of this war,
in B. c. 349, Artaxerxes gave to Mentor the command against the rebellious satraps of western
Asia. Mentor availed himself of the opportunity
to induce the king to grant pardon to Artabazus and
Memnon, who accordingly obtained permission to
return to Persia. (Diod. xvi. 22, 34, 52; Dem. c.
Aristocr. p. 671, &c.) In the reign of Dareius
Codomannus, Artabazus distinguished himself by
his great fidelity and attachment to his sovereign.
He took part in the battle of Arbela, and afterwards accompanied Dareius on his flight. After
the death of the latter, Alexander rewarded Arta