A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

366 ARSINOE.
translation, was published by H. Justellus in the
Diblioth. Jur. Canon. vol. ii. p. 749, &c. His will
likewise, with a Latin translation, was published
by Cotelerius, Monument. ii. p. 168, &c. (Pachymer. ii. 15, iii. 1, 2, 10, 14, 19, iv. 1-16; Nicephorus Gregoras, iii. 1, iv. 1, &c.; Cave, Hist. Lit.
i, p. 725, &c., ed. London; Fabr. Bibl. Graec. xi.
p. 581.)
2. A Greek monk (Cave calls him Patricius
Romanus), who lived towards the end of the fourth
century of our era, was distinguished for his knowledge of Greek and Roman literature. The emperor
Theodosius the Great invited him to his court, and
entrusted to him the education of his sons Arcadius
and Honorius, whose father Arsenius was called.
At the age of forty, he left the court and went to
Egypt, where he commenced his monastic life at
Scetis in the desert of the Thebais. There he spent
forty years, and then migrated to Troe, a place
near Memphis, where he passed the remainder of
his life, with the exception of three years, which
he spent at Canopus. He died at Troe at the age
of ninety-five. There exists by him a short work
containing instructions and admonitions for monks,
which is written in a truly monastic spirit. It was
published with a Latin translation by Combefisius
in his Auctaricu Naovissimznm Biblioth. Patr., Paris,
1672, p. 301, &c. We also possess forty-four of
his remarkable sayings (apophthegmata), which had
been collected by his ascetic friends, and which are*
printed in Cotelerius' Monemenla, i. p. 353. (Cave,
Hist. Lit. ii. p. 80, ed. London; Fabr. Bibl. Graec.
xi. p. 580, &c.) [L. S.]
ARSES, NARSES, or OARSES ("Apo-ns,
Ndpors, or 'Odpar7s), the youngest son of king Artaxerxes III. (Ochus.) After the eunuch Bagoas
had poisoned Artaxerxes, he raised Arses to the
throne, B. c. 339; and that he might have the
young king completely under his power, he caused
the king's brothers to be put to death; but
one of them, Bisthanes, appears to have escaped
their fate. (Arrian, Anab. iii. 19.) Arses, however, could but ill brook the indignities committed
against his own family, and the bondage in which
he himself was kept; and as soon as Bagoas perceived that the king was disposed to take vengeance, he had him and his children too put to
death, in the third year of his reign. The royal
house appears to have been thus destroyed with
the exception of the above-mentioned Bisthanes,
and Bagoas raised Dareius Codomannus to the
-throne. (Diod. xvii. 5; Strab. xv. p. 736; Plut.
de Fort. Alex. ii. 3, Artax. 1; Arrian, Anab. ii.
14; Ctesias, Pers. p. 151, ed. Lion; Syncell.
pp. 145, 392, 394, 487, ed. Dindorf.) [L. S.]
ARSI'NOE ('Apoer-iv). 1. A daughter of Phegeus, and wife of Alcmaeon. As she disapproved
of the murder of Alcmaeon, the sons of Phegeus
put her into a chest and carried her to Agapenor
at Tegea, where they accused her of having killed
Alcmaeon herself. (Apollod. iii. 7. ~ 5; ALCMAEON,
AGENOR.)
2. The nurse of Orestes, who saved him from
the hands of his mother Clytemnestra, and carried
him to the aged Strophius, the father of Pylades.
(Pind. Pyth. xi. 25, 54.) Other traditions called
this nurse Laodameia. (Schol. ad Pind. 1. c.)
3. A daughter of' Leucippus and Philodice, and
sister of Hilaeira and Phoebe, the wives of the
Dioscuri. By Apollo she became the mother of
Eriopis, and thle Messenian tradition regarded

ARSI-NOE.
Asclepius also as her son. (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 3;
Paus. ii. 26. ~ 6; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iii. 14;
Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 22.) At Sparta she had a
sanctuary and was worshipped as a heroine. (Paus.
iii. 12. ~ 7.) [L. S.]
ARSI'NOE ('Aptrwor). 1. The mother of
Ptolemy I., king of Egypt, was originally a concubine of Philip, the father of Alexander the Great,
and was given by Philip to Lagus, a Macedonian,
while she was pregnant with Ptolemy. Hence
Ptolemy was regarded by the Macedonians as the
son of Philip. (Paus. i. 6. ~ 2; Curt. ix. 8; Suidas, s. v. Adyos.)
2. The daughter of Ptolemy I. and Berenice,
born about B. c. 316, was married in n. c. 300 to
Lysimachus, king of Thrace, who was then far
advanced in years. Lysimnachus had put away
Amastris in order to marry Arsinoi, and upon the
death of the former in B. c. 288 [AMASTRIS],
Arsinoe received from Lysimnachus the cities of
Heracleia, Amastris, and Dium, as a present.
(Plut. Destr. 31; Paus. i. 10. ~ 3; Memnon, ap.
Ph/ot. p. 225, a. 30, ed. Bekker.)
Arsinoe, who was anxious to secure the succession to the throne for her own children, was jealous of her step-son Agathocles, who was married
to her half-sister Lysandra, the daughter of
Ptolemy I. and Eurydice. Through the intrigues
of Arsinoe, Agathocles was eventually put to
death in B. c. 284. [AGATHOCLES, p. 65, a.]
This crime, however, led to the death of Lysimachus; for Lysandra fled with her children to Seleucus in Asia, who was glad of the pretext to
march against Lysimachus. In the war which
followed, Lysimachus lost his life (B. c. 281);
and after the death of her husband, Arsinoii
first fled to Ephesus, to which Lysimachus had
given the name of Arsinoe in honour of her (Steph.
Byz. s. v. "'Emecos), and from thence (Polyaen.
viii. 57) to Cassandreia in Macedonia, where she
shut herself up with her sons by Lysimachus.
Seleucus had seized Macedonia after the death
of Lysimachus, but he was assassinated, after a
reign of a few months, by Ptolemy Ceraunus, the
half-brother of Arsinoe, who had now obtained
the throne of Macedonia. Ptolemy was anxious
to obtain possession of Cassandreia and still
more of the sons of Lysimachus, who might prove
formidable rivals to him. He accordingly made
offers of marriage to Arsinoe, and concealed his
real object by the most solemn oaths and promises.
Arsinoe consented to the union, and admitted him
into the town; but he had scarcely obtained possession of the place, before he murdered the two
younger sons of Lysimachus in the presence of
their mother. Arsinoe herself fled to Samothrace
(Justin, xvii. 2, xxiv. 2, 3; Memnon, ap. Phot. p.
226, b. 34); from whence she shortly after went
to Alexandria in Egypt B. c. 279, and married her
own brother Ptolemy II. Philadelphus. (Paus. i.
7. ~~ 1, 3; Theocrit. Idyll. xv. 128, &c. with the
Scholia; Athen. xiv. p. 621, a.) Though Arsinoi
bore Ptolemy no children, she was exceedingly beloved by him; he gave her name to several cities,
called a district (vogds) of Egypt Arsinoites after
her, and honoured her memory in various ways.
(Cornp. Paus. 1. c.; Athen. vii. p. 318, b. xi. p.
497, d. e.) Among other things, he commanded
the architect, Dinochares, to erect a temple to Arisinoh in Alexandria, of which the roof was to he
arched with loadstones, so that her statue made of