A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARSACIDAE.
from St. Martin, and is founded upon the Armenian
histories of Moses Chorenensis and Faustus Byzantinus, compared with the Greek and Roman authors.
A. The first or elder Branch in Armenia Magna.
B. c. 149. Valarsaces or Wagharshag I., founder of
the Armenian dynasty of the Arsacidae, established
on the throne of Armenia by his brother, Mithridates Arsaces [ARSAcEs VI.] king of the Parthians.
---B.c. 127. Arsaces or Arshag I., his son.-B. C. 114.
Artaces, Artaxes, or Ardashes I., his son.-B. c.
89. Tigranes or Dikran I. (II.), his son.-B. c. 36.
Artavasdes or Artawazt I., his son.-B. c. 30. Artaxes II., his son.-B. c. 20. Tigranes II., brother
of Artaxes II.-B. c..... Tigranes III.-B. c. 6.
Artavasdes II.--B. c. 5. Tigranes III. re-established.-B. c. 2. Erato, queen.
A. D. 2. Ariobarzanes, a Parthian prince, established by the Romans.-A. D. 4. Artavasdes III.
or Artabases, his son.-A. D. 5. Erato re-established;
death uncertain.-.... Interregnum.-A. D. 16.
Vonones.-A. D. 17. Interregnum.-A. D. 18. Zeno
of Pontus, surnamed Artaxias.-... Tigranes IV.,
son of Alexander Herodes.-A. n. 35. Arsaces II.
-A. D. 35. Mithridates of Iberia.-A. D. 51. Rhadamistus of Iberia.-A. D. 52. Tiridates I.-A. D.
60. Tigranes V. of the race of Herodes.-A. D. 62.
Tiridates I. re-established by Nero, reigned about
eleven years longer,
B. The second or younger Branch, at first at
Edessa, and sometimes identical with the "Reges
Osrhoenenses," afterwards in Armenia Magna.
B. c. 38. Arsham or Ardsham, the Artabazes of
Josephus. (Ant. Jud. xx. 2.)-B. C. 10. Manu, his
son.-B. c. 5. Abgarus, the son of Arsham, the
Ushama of the Syrians. This is the celebrated
Abgarus who is said to have written a letter to
our Saviour. (Moses Chor. ii. 29.)
A. D. 32. Anane or Ananus, the son of Abgarus.
-A.. 36. Sanadrug or Sanatruces, the son of a
sister of Abgares, usurps the throne.-A. D. 58.
Erowant, an Arsacid by the female line, usurps the
throne; conquers all Armenia; cedes Edessa and
Mesopotamia to the Romans.-A. D. 78. Ardashes
or Artaxes III. (Exedares or Axidares), the son of
Sanadrug, established by Vologeses I., king of the
Parthians.-A. D. 120. Ardawazt or Artavasdes IV.,
son of Ardashes III., reigns only some months.A. D. 121. Diran or Tiranus I., his brother.-A. D.
142. Dikran or Tigranes VI., driven out by Lucius
(Martins) Verus, who puts Soaemus on the throne.
-A. D. 178. Wagharsh or Vologeses, the son of
Tigranes VI.-A. D. 198. Chosroes or Khosrew I.,
surnamed Medz, or the Great, the (fabulous) conqueror (overrunner) of Asia Minor; murdered by
the Arsacid Anag, who was the father of St. Gregory, the apostle of Armenia.-A. D. 232. Ardashir
or Artaxerxes, the first Sassanid of Persia.-A. D.
259. Dertad or Tiridates II., surnamed Medz, the
son of Chosroes, established by the Romans.-A. D.
314. Interregnum. Sanadrug seizes northern Armenia, and Pagur southern Armenia, but only for
a short time.-A.,.316. Chosroes or Khosrew II.,
surnamed P'hok'hr, or "the Little," the son of
Tiridates Mezd.-A. D. 325. Diran or Tiranus II.,
his son.-A. D. 341. Arsaces or Arshag III., his son.
-A. D. 370. Bab or Para.-A. D. 377. Waraztad,
usurper.-A. D. 382. Arsaces IV. (and Valarsaces
or Wagharshag II., his brother).-A. D. 387. Armenia divided.-A. D. 389. Arsaces IV. dies.
Cazavon in Roman Armenia, Chosroes or Khosrew
[II. in Persarmenia.-A. D. 392. Bahrainm Shapur

ARSENIUS. 365
(Sapor), the brother of Chosroes III.-A. D. 414.
Chosroes re-established by Yezdegerd.--A. D. 415.
Shapur or Sapor, the son of Yezdegerd-A. D. 419.
Interregnum.-A. D. 422. Ardashes or Ardashir
(Artasires) IV.-A. D. 428. End of the kingdom
of Armenia. (Comp. Vaillant, Regnum Arsacidarum,
especially Elenchus Regun A rmeniae Majoris, in the
1st. vol.; Du Four de Longuerue, Annales Arsacidamrm, Strasb. 17 32; Richter, Histor. Krit. Versuch
iRber die A rsaciden und Sassaniden-Dynastien, Gittingen, 1804; St. Martin, Mimoires historiques et
geograph. smr l'Armenie, vol. i.) [W. P.]
ARSA'MENES ('ApraauE'Pvs), the son of
Dareius, the commander of the Utii and Myci in
the army of Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 68.)
ARSAMES ('Apdsnys). 1. The father of
Hystaspes and grandfather of Dareius. (Herod.
i. 209, vii. 11, 224.)
2. Also called Arsanes, the great grandson of
the preceding, and the son of Dareius and Artystone, the daughter of Cyrus, commanded in the
army of Xerxes the Arabians and the Aethiopians
who lived above Egypt. (Herod. vii. 69.) Aeschylus (Pers. 37, 300) speaks of an Arsames, who
was the leader of the Egyptians from Memphis in
the army of Xerxes.
3. An illegitimate son of Artaxerxes Mnemon,
murdered by his brother Artaxerxes Ochus. (Plut.
Artax. c. 30.)
4. Supposed on the authority of a coin to have
been a king of Armenia about the time of Seleucus
II., and conjectured to have been the founder of
the city of Arsamosata. (Eckhel, iii. p. 204, &c.)
ARSE'NIUS ('Aprevios). 1. Of Constantinople,
surnamed Autorianus, lived about the middle of
the thirteenth century. He was educated in some
monastery in Nicaea, of which he afterwards became the head. After he had held this office for
some time, he led a private and ascetic life; and he
appears to have passed some time also in one of the
monasteries on mount Athos. At length, about
A. D. 1255, the emperor Theodorus Lascaris the
Younger raised him to the dignity of patriarch.
In A. D. 1259, when the emperor died, he appointed
Arsenius and Georgius Muzalo guardians to his son
Joannes; but when Muzalo began to harbour treacherous designs against the young prince, Arsenius,
indignant at such faithless intrigues, resigned the
office of patriarch, and withdrew to a monastery.
In A. D. 1260,, when the Greeks had recovered
possession of Constantinople under Michael Palaeologus, Arsenius was invited to the imperiai city,
and requested to resume the dignity of patriarch.
In the year following, the emperor Michael Palaeologus ordered prince Joannes, the son of Theodorus
Lascaris, to be blinded; and Arsenius not only
censured this act of the emperor publicly, but punished him for it with excommunication. Michael
in vain implored forgiveness, till at length, enraged
at such presumption, he assembled a council of
bishops, brought several fictitious accusations against
his patriarch, and caused him to be deposed and
exiled to Proconnesus. Here Arsenius survived
his honourable disgrace for several years; but the
time of his death is unknown. Fabricius places it
in A. D. 1264. He was a man of great virtue and
piety, but totally unfit for practical life. At the
time when he was yet a monk, he wrote a synopsis
of divine laws (Synopsis Canonum), collected from
the writings of the fathers and the decrees of councils. The Greek original, accompanied by a Latin