A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARISTOXENUS. ARIUS. 345
were defined by simple ratios which were either Moro. Acut. iii. 16, p. 233), who was a pupil of
supeparticular (of the form 1) or mltiple Alexander Philalethes (Galen. De Dif'er. Puls. iv.
sperp lar o e 10, vol. viii. p. 746), and must therefore have lived
(of the form From this fact, he or his followers about the beginning of the Christian era. He was
a1 follower of Herophilus (ibid.-c. 7. p. 734), and
inferred, that no interval could be consonant which studied at the celebrated Herophilean school of
was defined by a ratio of a different kind; and medicine, established in Phrygia, at the village of
hence they were obliged to maintain (contrary to Men-Carus, between Laodicea and Carura. He
the evidence of the senses), that such intervals as wrote a work IIepl TjS 'Hpo<Pxov AilpeFOws, De
the octave and fourth (the eleventh), for example, HIerophili Secta, of which the thirteenth book is
were dissonant. Aristoxenus justly blamed them quoted by Galen (ibid. c. 10. p. 746), and which
for their contempt of facts, but went into the oppo- is not now extant. (Mahne, " Diatribe de Arissite extreme of allowing too much authority to the toxeno," Amstel. 1793, 8vo.) [W. A. G.]
decisions of the ear, though without denying the ex- ARISTUS ('ApLo-ros), of Salamis in Cyprus, a
istence of a certain truth in the arithmetical theory Greek historian, who wrote a history of Alexander
(p. 33). He maintains, for instance, not only that the Great, in which he mentioned the embassy of
every consonant interval added to the octave produces the Romans to Alexander at Babylon. (Arrian,
another consonance, which is true; but also that Anab. vii. 15; Athen. x. p. 436; Clemens Alex.
the fourth is equal to two tones and a half (p. 56), Protrept. p. 16; Strab. xiv. p. 682.) That he
the falsity of which proposition is not directly ap- lived a considerable time later than Alexander,
parent to the ear, but indirectly would become may be inferred from Strabo (xv. p. 730), although
evident by means of the very experiment which he it is impossible to determine the exact time at
suggests for the confirmation of it. (See Porphyr. which he lived. Some writers are inclined to beComm. in Ptol. Harm. in Wallis, Op. vol. iii. p. lieve that Aristus, the historian, is the same per211, and Wallis's appendix, pp. 159, 169; Burney, son as Aristus the academic philosopher, who was
vol. i. chap. v.; Theon Smyrn. p. 83, ed. Bulliald. a contemporary and friend of Cicero, who taught
and not. p. 202.) The titles of a good many other philosophy at Athens, and by whom M. Brutus
works of Aristoxenus have been collected from was instructed. This philosopher moreover was a
various sources by Meursius and others. (See brother of the celebrated Antiochus of Ascalon.
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 257; Clinton, F. H. But the opinion which identifies the historian and
vol. ii. appendix, c. 12.) Among them are lives of philopher, is a mere hypothesis, supported by
Pythagoras, Archytas, Socrates, Plato, and other nothing but the circumstance that both bore the
distinguished persons; and several treatises on same name. (Cic. Brut. 97, de Finib. v. 5,
subjects connected with music, including one Iept1 Academ. i. 3, ii. 4, Tuscul. Quaest. v. 8, ad Alt. v.
Tpayac is 'OpX'eewsr, and one Hepi AviAwcv Tpn- 10; Plut. Brut. 2.) [L. S.]
owes. A fragment of 'PviOUcai a-roXELa was edited ARISTYLLUS ('Apo-'rvAAos), a Greek astroby Morelli, Ven. 1785. A collection of fragments nomer, who appears to have lived about B. c. 233.
of the other works is given in the essay by Mahne (Plut. de Pyth. Orac. 18.) He wrote a work on
referred to below, the fixed stars (opi'psio-s mmrAaevmv), which was used
The three books of 'ApgLovucK oorXE^Ta were first by Hipparchus and Ptolemy (Magn. Synt. vii. 2),
edited in Latin, with the Harmonics of Ptolemy, and he is undoubtedly one of the two persons of
by Ant. Gogavinus, Ven. 1562. The Greek text, this name who wrote commentaries on Aratus,
with Alypius and Nicomachus, by Meursius (Lugd. which are now lost. [L. S.]
Bat. 1616), who, like his predecessor, seems not ARIUS or AREIUS ("Apeos), the celebrated
to have had sufficient musical knowledge for the heretic, is said to have been a native of Libya,
task. The last and best edition is at present that and must have been born shortly after the middle
of Meibomius, printed (with a Latin version) in of the third century after Christ. His father's
the Antiquae Musicae Auctores Septem, Amst. 1652. name appears to have been Ammonius. In the
(Mahne, Diatribe de Aristoxeno plhilosopho Peri- religious disputes which broke out at Alexandria
patetico, Amst. 1793.) [W. F. D.] in A. D. 306, Arius at first took the part of MeleAIISTO'XENUS ('ApuoTrevos). 1. Of Se- tius, but afterwards became reconciled to Peter,
linus in Sicily, a Greek poet, who is said to have bishop of Alexandria, and the opponent of Melebeen the first who wrote in anapaestic metres. tius, who made Arius deacon. (Sozom. H. E. i.
Respecting the time at which he lived, it is ex- 15.) After this Arius again opposed Peter for
pressly stated that he was older than Epicharmus, his treatment of Meletius and his followers, and
from about B. c. 540 to 445. (Schol. ad Aristoph. was in consequence excommunicated by Peter.
Plut. 487; Hephaestion, Enchirid. p. 45, ed. Gaisf.) After the death of the latter, Achillas, his succesEusebius (Chron. p. 333, ed. Mai) places him in sor in the see of Alexandria, not only forgave
01. 29 (B. c. 664), but this statement requires Arius his offence and admitted him deacon again,
some explanation. If he was born in that year, but ordained him presbyter, A. D. 313, and gave
he cannot have been a Selinuntian, as Selinus was him the charge of the church called Baucalis at
not founded till about B. c. 628. But Aristoxenus Alexandria. (Epiphan. Haeres. 68. 4.) The
may perhaps have been among the first settlers at opinion that, after the death of Achillas, Arius
Selinus, and thus have come to be regarded as a himself wanted to become bishop of Alexandria,
Selinuntian. and that for this reason he was hostile to Alexan2. A Cyrenaic philosopher, who appears not to der, who became the successor of Achillas, is a
have been distinguished for anything except his mere conjecture, based upon the fact, that Theodogluttony, whence he derived the surname of cKWA'v. ret (H. E. i. 2) accuses Arius of envy against
(Athen. i. p. 7; Suid. s. v. 'Aptmrdo'evos.) [L. S.] Alexander. The official position of Arius at AlexARISTO'XENUS ('Apmo-rTiTeos), a Greek andria, by virtue of which he interpreted the
physicician, quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Scriptures, had undoubtedly gained for him already