A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

18 ADA.
Artis Principes of H. Stephens, Par. 1567, fol.
(Freind's Hist. of Physic; Sprengel, Hist. de la
Mid.; Haller, Biblioth. Medic. Pract.; Barchusen,
Hist. Medic.) [W. A. G.]
ACU'LEO occurs as a surname of C. Furius
who was quaestor of L. Scipio, and was condemned of peculatus. (Liv. xxxviii. 55.) Aculeo, however, seems not to have been a regular family-name of the Furia gens, but only a surname
given to this person, of which a similar example
occurs in the following article.
C. ACULEO, a Roman knight, who married
the sister of Helvia, the mother of Cicero. He
was surpassed by no one in his day in his knowledge of the Roman law, and possessed great
acuteness of mind, but was not distinguished for
other attainments. He was a friend of L. Licinius
Crassus, and was defended by him upon one occasion. The son of Aculeo was C. Visellius Varro;
whence it would appear that Aculeo was only a
surname given to the father from his acuteness, and
that his full name was C. Visellius Varro Aculeo.
(Cic. de Or. i. 43, ii. 1, 65; Brut. 76.)
ACU'MENUS ('AKcomLEVOds), a physician of
Athens, who lived in the fifth century before Christ,
and is mentioned as the friend and companion
of Socrates. (Plat. Phaedr. init.; Xen. Memor.
iii. 13. ~ 2.) He was the father of Eryximachus,
who was also a physician, and who is introduced
as one of the speakers in Plato's Symposium. (Plat.
Protag. p. 315, c.; Symp. p. 176, c.) He is also
mentioned in the collection of letters first published
by Leo Allatius, Paris, 1637, 4to. with the title
Epist. Socrcdis et Socraticorum, and again by Orellius, Lips. 1815. 8vo. ep. 14. p. 31. [W. A. G.]
ACUSILA'US ('AtcovrAeaos), of Argos, one of
the earlier Greek logographers (Diet. of Ant. p. 575,
a.), who probably lived in the latter half of the
sixth century B. c. He is called the son of Cabras
or Scabras, and is reckoned by some among the
Seven Wise Men. Suidas (s. v.) says, that he
wrote Genealogies from bronze tablets, which his
father was said to have dug up in his own house.
Three books of his Genealogies are quoted, which
were for the most part only a traislation of IlHesiod
into prose. (Clem. Strom. vi. p. 629, a.) Like most
of the other logographers, he wrote in the Ionic
dialect. Plato is the earliest writer by whom he
is mentioned. (Symp. p. 178, b.) The works which
bore the name of Acusilails in a later age, were
spurious. (s. v. 'EKsTcUOS MLinIe0Lo.s, 'Iaropijoai,
vuyypa'<pe.) The fragments of Acusilails have
been published by Sturtz, Gerae, 1787; 2nd ed.
Lips. 1824; and in the " Museum Criticum," i.
p. 216, &c. Camb. 1826.
M. ACU'TIUS, tribune of the plebs B. c. 401,
was elected by the other tribunes (by co-optation)
in violation of the Trebonia lex. (Liv. v. 10;
Diet. of Ant. p. 566, a.)
ADA ("Ala), the daughter of Hecatomnus, king
of Caria, and sister of Mausolus, Artemisia,
Idrieus, and Pixodarus. She was married to her
brother Idrieus, who succeeded Artemisia in B. c.
351 and died B. c. 344. On the death of her
husband she succeeded to the throne of Caria, but
was expelled by her brother Pixodarus in B. c. 340;
and on the death of the latter in B. c. 335 his sonin-law Orontobates received the satrapy of Caria
from the Persian king. When Alexander entered
Caria in B. c. 334, Ada, who was in possession of
the fortress of Alinda, surrendered this place to

ADEIMANTUS.
him and begged leave to adopt him as her son.
After taking Halicarnassus, Alexander committed
the government of Caria to her. (Arrian, Anab.
i. 23; Diod. xvi. 42, 74; Strab. xiv. pp. 656, 657;
Plut. Alex. 10.)
ADAEUS, or ADDAEUS ('Aaetosor'Alaaeos),
a Greek epigrammatic poet, a native most probably of Macedonia. The epithet MCKE'Oos 1is
appended to his name before the third epigram
in the Vat. MS. (Ant1h. Gr. vi. 228); and the
subjects of the second, eighth, ninth, and tenth
epigrams agree with this account of his origin.
He lived in the time of Alexander the Great, to
whose death he alludes. (Anth. Gr. vii. 240.)
The fifth epigram (Anth. Gr. vii. 305) is inscribed
'A68alov Mtr7vA7vaiov, and there was a Mitylenaean
of this name, who wrote two prose wroks IHept
'AyaAiaTro7iroc v and lep1 AiaeOwr6os. (Athen.
xiii. p. 606. A, xi. p. 471, F,) The time when he
lived cannot be fixed with certainty. Reiske,
though on insufficient grounds, believes these two
to be the same person. (Anthl. Graec. vi. 228,
258, vii. 51, 238, 240, 305, x. 20; Brunck, Anal.
ii. p. 224; Jacobs, xiii. p. 831.) [C. P. M.]
ADAMANTEIA. [AMALTHEIA.]
ADAMA'NTIUS ('Alaptimrvos), an ancient
physician, bearing the title of latrosophiista (ierprcKwv
Asdys'wv uoptroris, Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 13),
for the meaning of which see Diet. of Ant.
p. 507. Little is known of his personal history,
except that he was by birth a Jew, and that
he was one of those who fled from Alexandria,
at the time of the expulsion of the Jews from that
city by the Patriarch St. Cyril, A. D. 415. He went
to Constantinople, was persuaded to embrace Christianity, apparently by A tticus the Patriarch of that
city, and then returned to Alexandria. (Socrates,
I, c.) He is the author of a Greek treatise on
physiognomy, )vuo-oyvwmLovL1cK, in two books, which
is still extant, and which is borrowed in a great
measure (as he himself confesses, i. Prooem. p.
314, ed. Franz.) from Polemo's work on the same
subject. It is dedicated to Constantius, who is
supposed by Fabricius (Biblioth. Graeca, vol. ii. p.
171, xiii. 34, ed. vet.) to be the person who married Placidia, the daughter of Theodosius the
Great, and who reigned for seven months in conjunction with the Emperor Hlonorius. It was first
published in Greek at Paris, 1540, 8vo., then in
Greek and Latin at Basle, 1544, 8vo., and afterwards in Greek, together with Aelian, Polemo and
some other writers, at Rome, 1545, 4to.; the last
and best edition is that by J. G. Franzius, who has
inserted it in his collection of the Scripores Physiognomiae Veteres, Gr. et Lat., Altenb. 1780, 8vo.
Another of his works, ipl i 'Avipswv, De Ventis, is
quoted by the Scholiast to Ilesiod, and an extract
from it is given by Aetius (tetrab. i. serm. 3, c.
163); it is said to be still in existence in manuscript in the Royal Library at Paris. Several of
his medical prescriptions are preserved by Oribasius and ARtius. [W. A. G.]
ADEIMANTUS ('AWeijjavros). 1. The son of
Ocytus, the Corinthian commander in the invasion
of Greece by Xerxes. Before the battle of Artemisium he threatened to sail away, but was bribed
by Themistocles to remain. He opposed Themistocles with great insolence in the council which
the commanders held before the battle of Salamis.
According to the Athenians he took to flight at
the very commencement of the battle, but this