A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

306 ARISTOGEITON.
1. A painter, the father and instructor of Nicomachus [NIcoMACHus], flourished probably in the
early part of the fourth century B. c. (Plin. xxxv.
10. s. 36.)
2. A statuary, who lived after the time of Alexander the Great. Among other works of his
Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19) mentions a statue of king
Seleucus. To what country he belonged is uncertain.
3. A painter, a native of Caria, contemporary
with Philostratus the elder, with whom he was
connected by the ties of hospitality. He wrote a
work giving an account of distinguished painters,
of the cities in which painting had flourished most,
and of the kings who had encouraged the art.
(Philostr. Prooem. Icon. p.4, ed. Jacobs.) [C.P.M.]
ARISTO'DICUS ('Apio-rdicos). 1. Of Cyme
in Asia Minor, and son of -Heracleides. When
his fellow-citizens were advised, by an oracle, to
deliver up Pactyes to the Persians, Aristodicus dissuaded them from it, saying, that the oracle might
be a fabrication, as Pactyes had come to them as a
suppliant. He was accordingly sent himself to
consult the oracle; but the answer of Apollo was
the same as before; and when' Aristodicus, in
order to avert the criminal act of surrendering a
suppliant, endeavoured in a very ingenious way,
to demonstrate to the god, that he was giving an
unjust command, the god still persisted in it, and
added, that it was intended to bring ruin upon
Cyme. (Herod. i. 158, 159.)
2. The author of two epigrams in the Greek
Anthology, in one of which he is called a Rhodian, but nothing further is known about him.
(Brunck, Analect. p. 260, comp. p. 191; Anthol.
Gr. vii. 189, 473.) [L. S.]
ARISTOGEITON. [HARMODIUS.]
ARISTOGEITON ('Aptsroyei'rwv), an Athenian orator and adversary of Demosthenes and
Deinarchus. His father, Scydimus, died in prison,
as he was a debtor of the state and unable to pay:
his son, Aristogeiton, who inherited the debt, was
likewise imprisoned for some time. He is called a
demagogue and a sycophant, and his eloquence is
described as of a coarse and vehement character.
(Hermog. de Form. Orat. i. p. 296, and the Scholiast passim; Phot. Cod. p. 496; Plut. Phoc. 10;
Quintil. xii. 10. ~ 22.) His impudence drew upon
him the surname of " the dog." He was often accused by Demosthenes and others, and defended
himself in a number of orations which are lost.
Among the extant speeches of Demosthenes there
are two against Aristogeiton, and among those of
Deinarchus there is one. Suidas and Eudocia
(p. 65) mention seven orations of Aristogeiton
(comp. Phot. Cod. pp.491, 495; Tzetz. Chil.vi. 94,
&c., 105, &c.; Harpocrat. s. vv. Airo~xhAei1s and
Oepo-avSpos), and an eighth against Phryne is mentioned by Athenaeus. (xiii. p. 591.) Aristogeiton
died in prison. (Plut. Apophth. Reg. p. 188, b.;
compare Taylor, Praef ad Demosth. Orat. c.
Aristog. in Schaefer's Apparat. Crit. iv. p. 297,
&c.; and Aeschin. c. Timarch. p. 22; S. Thorlacius,
Opuscul. ii. pp. 201-240.) [L. S.]
ARISTOGEITON ('ApiUroyderh-w ), a statuary,
a native of Thebes. In conjunction with Hypatodorus, he was the maker of some statues of the
heroes of Argive and Theban tradition, which the
Argives had made to commemorate a victory gained
by themselves and the Athenians over the Lacedaemonians at Oenoe in Argolis, and dedicated in

ARISTOLOCHUS.
the temple of Apollo at Delphi. (Paus. x. 10. ~ 3.)
The names of these two artists occur together likewise on the pedestal of a statue found at Delphi,
which had been erected in honour of a citizen ot
Orchomenus, who had been a victor probably in the
Pythian games. (Bockh, Corp. Inscr. 25.) We
learn from this inscription that they were both
Thebans. Pliny says (xxxiv. 8. s. 19), that Hypatodorus lived about 01. 102. The above-mentioned inscription was doubtless earlier than 01.
104, when Orchomenos was destroyed by the
Thebans.
The battle mentioned by Pausanias was probably
some skirmish in the war which followed the treaty
between the Athenians and Argives, which was
brought about by Alcibiades, B. c. 420. It appears
therefore that Aristogeiton and Hypatodorus lived
in the latter part of the fifth and the early part of
the fourth centuries B. c. Bockh attempts to shew
that Aristogeiton was the son of Hypatodorus, but
his arguments are not very convincing. [C. P. M.]
ARISTO'GENES ('Api'ro-yvi0Y ), was one of
the ten commanders appointed to supersede Alciblades after the battle of Notium, B. c. 407. (Xen.
Hell. i. 5. ~ 16; Diod. xiii. 74; Plut. Ale. c. 36.)
He was one of the eight who conquered Callicratidas
at Arginusae, B. c. 406; and Protomachus and
himself, by not returning to Athens after the battle, escaped the fate of their six colleagues, though
sentence of condemnation was passed against them
in their absence. (Xen. Hell. i. 7. ~~ 1, 34; Diod.
xiii. 101.) [E. E.]
ARISTO'GENES ('Apiro-TyEvns), the name of
two Greek physicians mentioned by Suidas, of
whom one was a native of Thasos, and wrote
several medical works, of which some of the titles
are preserved. The other was a native of Cnidos,
and was servant to Chrysippus, the philosopher,
according to Suidas; or rather, as Galen says (de
Ven. Sect. adv. Erasistr. Rom. Deg. c. 2, de Cur.
Rat. per Ven. Sect. c. 2, vol. xi. pp. 197, 252), he
was a pupil of the physician of that name, and afterwards became physician to Antigonus Gonatas,
king of Macedonia, B. c. 283-239. A physician
of this name is quoted by Celsus, and Pliny.
Hardouin (in his Index of authors quoted by
Pliny) thinks that the two physicians mentioned
by Suidas were in fact one and the same person,
and that he was called " Cnidius" fromn the place
of his birth, and " Thasius" from his residence;
this, however, is quite uncertain. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr.
vol. xiii. p. 83, ed. vet.; Kuhn, Additam. ad Elenchum Medicor. Veter. a Jo. A. Fabricio, c. exhibitum,
Lips. 1826, 4to., fascic. iii. p. 10.) [EW.A.G.]
ARISTOLAUS, a painter, the son and scholar
of Pausias. [PAUSIAs.] He flourished therefore
about 01. 118, B. c. 308. Pliny (xxxv. 11. s. 40)
mentions several of his works, and characterises
his style as in the highest degree severe. [C. P. M.]
ARISTO'LOCHUS ('AptCro';Aos), a tragic
poet, who is not mentioned anywhere except in the
collection of the Epistles formerly attributed to
Phalaris (Epist. 18, ed. Lennep.), where the
tyrant is made to speak of him with indignation
for venturing to compete with him in writing
tragedies. But with the genuineness of those
epistles the existence of Aristolochus must fall to
the ground, and Bentley (Phalaris, p. 260) has
shewn, that if Aristolochus were a real personage,
this tragic writer must have lived before tragedy
was known. [L. S.]