A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARISTEUS.
The age and country of Aristeides are unknown,
but the title of his work is thought to favour the
conjecture that he was a native of Miletus. Vossius (de Hist. Graec. p. 401, ed. Westermann)
supposes, that he was the same person as the Aristeides of Miletus, whose works on Sicilian, Italian,
and Persian history (,LKEA1cKo, 'I-TaxvKu, IIepowad)
are several times quoted by Plutarch (Parall.),
and that the author of the historical work repl
Kvieov was also the same person. (Schol. Pind.
Pyih. iii, 14.) [P. S.]
ARISTEIDES QUINTILIA'NUS ('ApiaoreiSifs Koivr7thNavds), the author of a treatise in three
books on music (rIepI MovotnKs). Nothing is
known of his history, nor is he mentioned by any
ancient writer. But he must have lived after
Cicero, whom he quotes (p. 70), and before Martianus Capella, who has made use of this treatise in
his work De Nuptiis Philologiae et M/ercurii, lib. 9.
It seems probable also that he must be placed before Ptolemy, since he does not mention the difference between that writer and his predecessors
with respect to the number of the modes. (Aristoxenus reckoned'13, his followers 15, but Ptolemy
only 7. See Aristeid. pp. 22, 23; Ptol. Harm. ii. 9.)
The work of Aristeides is perhaps the most
valuable of all the ancient musical treatises. It
embraces, besides the theory of music (cdpgzoVILo) in
the modern sense, the whole range of subjects comprehended under j ovoucr'd, which latter science
contemplated not merely the regulation of sounds,
but the harmonious disposition of everything in
nature. The first book treats of Harmonics and
Rhythzm; the former subject being considered under
the usual heads of Sounds, Intervals, Systems,
Genera, Modes, Transition, and Composition (JseAonori'a). The second, of the moral effects and
educational powers of music; and the third of the
numerical ratios which define musical intervals,
and of their connexion with physical and moral
science generally. Aristeides refers (p. 87) to an"other work of his own, lepl IEIolriCrjcs, which is
lost. He makes no direct allusion to any of the
ancient writers on music, except Aristoxenus.
The only edition of Aristeides is that of Meibomius. It is printed, along with the latter part
of the 9th book of Martianus Capella, in his collection entitled Antiquae lMusicae Auctores Septem,
Amst. 1652. A new edition of all these, and of
several other ancient musical writers, is announced
by Dr. J. Franzius of Berlin. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
vol. ii. p. 259.) [W. F. D.]
ARISTEIDES, of SAMos, a writer mentioned
by Varro in his work entitled " Hebdomades," as
an authority for the opinion, that the moon completed her circuit in twenty-eight days exactly.
(Aul. Gell. N. A. iii. 10.) [P. S.]
ARISTE'NUS ALE'XIUS. [ALEXIUS ARISTENUS.]
ARISTEUS('Apar.rv's), or ARISTEAS ('ApioTras, Herod.). 1. A Corinthian, son of Adeimantus,
commanded the troops sent by Corinth to maintain
Potidaea in its revolt, B. c. 432. With Potidaea
he was connected, and of the troops the greater
number were volunteers, serving chiefly from attachment to him. Appointed on his arrival commander-in-chief of.the allied infantry, he encountered the Athenian Callias, butwas outmanceuvred
and defeated. With his own division he was successful, and with it on returning from the pursuit
he found himself cut off, but by a bold course made

ARISTION. 297
his way with slight loss into the town. This was
now blockaded, and Aristeus, seeing no hope, bid
them leave himself with a garrison of 500, and the
rest make their way to sea. This escape was
effected, and he himself induced to join in it; after
which he was occupied in petty warfare in Chalcidice, and negotiations for aid from Peloponnesus.
Finally, not long before the surrender of Potidaea,
in the second year of the war, B. c. 430, he set out
with other ambassadors from Peloponnesus for the
court of Persia; but visiting Sitalces the Odrysian
in their way, they were given to Athenian ambassadors there by Sadocus, his son, and sent to
Athens; and at Athens, partly from fear of the
energy and ability of Aristeus, partly in retaliation
for the cruelties practised by Sparta, he was immediately put to death. (Thuc. i. 60-65, ii. 67;
Herod. vii. 137; Thirlwall's Greece, iii. pp. 102
-4, 162, 3.) [A. H. C.]
2. A Corinthian, son of Pellichus, one of the
commanders of the Corinthian fleet sent against
Epidamnus, B. c. 436. (Thuc. i. 29.)
3. A Spartan commander, B. c. 423. (Thuc.
iv. 132.)
4. An Argive, the son Cheimon, conquered in
the Dolichos at the Olympic games. (Paus. vi.
9. ~ 1.)
ARISTIAS ('Apir-rias), a dramatic poet, the
son of Pratinas, whose tomb Pausanias (ii. 13. ~
5) saw at Phlius, and whose Satyric dramas, with
those of his father, were surpassed only by those of
Aeschylus. (Paus. 1. c.) Aristias is mentioned in
the life of Sophocles as one of the poets with whom
the latter contended. Besides two dramas, which
were undoubtedly Satyric, viz. the K-ipes and
Cyclops, Aristias wrote three others, viz. Antaeus,
Orpheus, and Atalante, which may have been
tragedies. (Comp. Athen. xv. p. 686, a; Pollux,
vii. 31; Welcker, Die Griech. Tragidien, p. 966.)
ARISTION ('Apioriowv), a philosopher either
of the Epicurean or Peripatetic school, who made
himself tyrant of Athens, and was besieged there
by Sulla, B. c. 87, in the first Mithridatic war.
His early history is preserved by Athenaeus (v.
p. 211, &c.), on the authority of Posidonius of
Apameia, the instructor of Cicero. By him he is
called Athenion, whereas Pausanias, Appian, and
Plutarch agree in giving him the name of Aristion.
Casaubon on Athenaeus (I. c.) conjectures that his
true name was Athenion, but that on enrolling himself as a citizen of Athens, he changed it to Aristion,
a supposition confirmed by the case of one Sosias
mentioned by Theophrastus, whose name was
altered to Sosistratus under the same circumstances.
Athenion or Aristion was the illegitimate son of a
Peripatetic, also named Athenion, to whose property he succeeded, and so became an Athenian
citizen. He married early, and began at the same
time to teach philosophy, which he did with great
success at Messene and Larissa. On returning to
Athens with a considerable fortune, he was named
ambassador to Mithridates, king of Pontus, then
at war with Rome, and became one of the most
intimate friends and counsellors of that monarch.
His letters to Athens represented the power of his
patron in such glowing colours, that his countrymen began-to conceive hopes of throwing off the
Roman yoke. Mithridates then sent him to
Athens, where he soon contrived, through the
king's patronage, to assume the tyranny. His government seems to have been of the most cruel cha*