A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

296 ARISTEIDES..1826, 8vo.), and by Dindorf (vol. iii. of his edition
of Aristeides), and which contain a great many
things of importance for mythology, history, and
antiquities. They also contain numerous fragments
of works now lost. The greater part of these
Scholia are probably compilations from the commentaries of Arethas, Metrophanes, and other
grammarians. Respecting the life of Aristeides,
compare J. Masson, Collectaneae Historica Aristidis
aevum et vitain spectantia, ordine chronologico
digesta, in the edition of Jebb, and reprinted in
that of Dindorf. The first edition of the orations
of Aristeides (53 in number) is that of Florence,
1517, fol. In 1566 W. Canter published at Basel
a Latin translation, in which many passages were
skilfully corrected. This translation, together with
the Greek text, was re-edited by P. Stephens,
1604, in 3 vols. 8vo. A better edition, with some
of the Greek Scholia, is that of Samuel Jebb, Oxford, 1722, 2 vols. 4to. Many corrections of the
text of this edition are contained in Reiske's
Aninzadversiones in Auct. Graec. vol. iii. Morelli
published in 1761 tlhe oration?rphs Aesrrlvsv ivirip
dreAEfas, which he had discovered in a Venetian
MS. It was afterwards edited again by F. A.
Wolf, in his edition of Demosthenes' oration
against Leptines (Halle, 1789), and by Grauert in
his Declamationes Leptineae. (Bonn, 1827, 8vo.)
This edition of Grauert contains also an oration
7rpos AsjpooOe6y 7repti dreAEas, which had been
discovered by A. Mai, and published in his Nova
Collect. Script. Vet. vol. i. p. 3. A complete edition of all the works of Aristeides, which gives a
correct text and all the Scholia, was published by
W. Dindorf, Leipzig, 1829, 3 vols. 8vo. [L. S.]
ARISTEIDES, ARTISTS. 1. Of Thebes,was one
of the most celebrated Greek painters. His father
was Aristodemus, his teachers were Euxenidas and
his brother Nicomachus. (Plin. xxxv. 36. ~~ 7, 22.)
He was a somewhat older contemporary of Apelles
(Plin. xxxv. 36. ~ 19), and flourished about 360 -330 B. c. The point in which he most excelled is
thus described by Pliny (I.c.): "Is omnium primus
animum pinxit et sensus hominum expressit, quae
vocant Graeci i7'0y, item perturbationes," that is,
he depicted the feelings, expressions, and passions
which may be observed in common life. One of
his finest pictures was that of a babe approaching
the breast of its mother, who was mortally wounded, and whose fear could be plainly seen lest the
child should suck blood instead of milk. (Anthol.
Graec. ii. p. 251, Jacobs.) Fuseli (Lect. 1) has
shewn how admirably in this picture the artist
drew the line between pity and disgust. Alexander
admired the picture so much, that he removed it to
Pella. Another of his pictures was a suppliant,
whose voice you seemed almost to hear. Several
other pictures of his are mentioned by Pliny (.e.),
and among them an Iris (ib. 40. ~ 41), which,
though unfinished, excited the greatest admiration.
As examples of the high price set upon his works,
Pliny (ib. 36. ~ 19) tells us, that he painted a picture for Mnason, tyrant of Elatea, representing a
battle with the Persians, and containing a hundred
figures, for each of which Aristeides received ten
minae; and that long after his death, Attalus, king
of Pergamus, gave a hundred talents for one of his
pictures. (Ib. and vii. 39.) In another passage
(xxxv. 8) Pliny tells us, that when Mummius was
selling the spoils of Greece, Attalus bought a picture of Bacchus by Aristeides for 600,000 sesterces,

ARISTEIDES.
but that Mummius, having thus discovered the
value of the picture, refused to sell it to Attalus,
and took it to Rome, where it was placed in the
temple of Ceres, and was the first foreign painting
which was exposed to public view at Rome. The
commentators are in doubt whether these two passages refer to the same picture. (See also Strab.
viii. p. 381.) Aristeides was celebrated for his
pictures of courtezans, and hence he was called
ropvo-ypacpos. (Athen. xiii. p. 567, b.) He was
somewhat harsh in his colouring. (Plin. xxxv. 36.
~ 19.) According to some authorities, the invention of encaustic painting in wax (Diet. ofAnt. s.v.
Painting, pp. 685, 686) was ascribed to Aristeides,
and its perfection to Praxiteles; but Pliny observes, that there were extant encaustic pictures of
Polygnotus, Nicanor, and Arcesilaus. (xxxv. 39.)
Aristeides left two sons, Nicerus and Ariston,
to whom he taught his art. [ARISTON; NICERUS.]
Another Aristeides is mentioned as his disciple.
(Plin. xxxv. 36. ~ 23.) The words of Pliny, which
are at first sight somewhat obscure, are rightly explained in the following table by Sillig. (Catal.
Art. s. v. Antorides.)
Aristeides of Thebes.

-- I

Niceros,
son.

Ariston,
son.

Aristeides,
disciple.

I -. I
Antorides and Euphranor,
disciples.
2. A sculptor, who was celebrated for his statues of
four-horsed and two-horsed chariots. Since he was
the disciple of Polycletus, he must have flourished
about 388 B. c. (Plin. xxxiv. 19. ~ 12.) Perhaps
he was the same person as the Aristeides who
made some improvements in the goals of the Olympic stadium. (Paus. vi. 20. ~ 7; Bockh, Corp. Inscrip. i. p. 39.) [P. S.]
ARISTEIDES, of ATHENS, one of the earliest
Christian apologetic writers, was at first a philosopher, and continued such after he became a Christian. He is described by Jerome as a most eloquent man. His apology for Christianity, which
he presented to the Emperor Hadrian about 123
or 126 A. D., was imbued with the principles of
the Greek philosophy. It is said that the apology
of Justin, who was also a philosopher, was, to a
great extent, an imitation of that of Aristeides.
The work of Aristeides is entirely lost. (Euseb.
Hist. Eccles. iv. 3, Chron. Ar2men.; Hieron. de Vir.
Illust. 20; Epist. ad Magn. Orat. 84, p. 327.) [P. S.]
ARISTEIDES, the author of a work entitled
MILESIACA (MhA71iTLaKr or MiA7n(acolCO AOyOL),
which was probably a romance, having Miletus for
its scene. It was written in prose, and was of a
licentious character. It extended to six books at
the least. (Harpocrat. s. v. Sepnpornis.) It was
translated into Latin by L. Cornelius Sisenna, a
contemporary of Sulla, and it seems to have become popular with the Romans. (Plut. C-rass.
32; Ovid. Trist. ii. 413, 414, 443, 444; Lucian,
Amor. 1.) Aristeides is reckoned as the inventor
of the Greek romance, and the title of his work is
supposed to have given rise to the term Milesian,
as applied to works of fiction. Some writers think
that his work was imitated by Appuleius in his
Mlctaemorphloses, and by Lucian in his Lucius.