A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARIADNE. ARIANTAS. 283
upon the method of finding the time when Easter (Plut. Thes. 20; Ov. iMet. viii. 175, Heroid. 10;
should be celebrated (7raao-Xcios.KavW'v), which he Hygin. Fab. 43.) According to this tradition,
dedicated to Andronicus, praefect of the town of Ariadne put an end to her own life in despair, or
Aenus in Thessaly. It was first edited, with a was saved by Dionysus, who in amazement at her
Latin translation and notes, by J. Christmann, at beauty made her his wife, raised her among
Heidelberg, 1611, 4to., and was afterwards insert- the immortals, and placed the crown which he
ed by Petavius in his " Uranologium" (Paris, gave her at his marriage with her, among the stars.
1630, fol., and Antwerp, 1703, fol.), with a new (Hesiod. Theog. 949; Ov. Met. 1.c.; Hygin. Poet.
Latin translation and notes; but the last chap- Astr. ii. 5.) The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius
ter of the work, which is contained in Christ- (iii. 996) makes Ariadne become by Dionysus the
mann's edition and had been published before mother of Oenopion, Thoas, Staphylus, Latromis,
by Jos. Scaliger, is wanting in the " Uranologium." Euanthes, and Tauropolis. There are several cirPetavius inserted in his " Uranologium" also a cumstances in the story of Ariadne which offered the
second " canon paschalis" (iii. p. 384), which he happiest subjects for works of art, and some of the
ascribes to Argyrus, but without having any finest ancient works, on gems as well as paintings,
authority for it. There exist in various European are still extant, of which Ariadne is the subject.
libraries, in MS., several works of Argyrus, which (Lippert, Dactylioth. ii. 51, i. 383, 384; Matfei,
have not yet been printed. (Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. Gem. Ant. iii. 33; Pitture d'Ercolano, ii. tab. 14;
xi. p. 126, &c.; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. Append. p. 63, Bellori, Adm. Roem. Antig. Vest. tab. 48; Bfittiger,
ed. London.) [L. S.] Archaeol. iMus. part i.) [L. S.]
ARIABIGNES ('Apia-glyv?1s), the son of Da- ARIAETHUS ('Apiatios), of Tegea, the author
reius, and one of the commanders of the fleet of of a work on the early history of Arcadia. (Hy gin.
his brother Xerxes, fell in the battle of Salamis, Poiet. Astr. ii. 1; Dionys. i. 49, where 'ApiaiOcy is
B. c. 480. (Herod. vii. 97, viii. 89.) Plutarch the right reading.)
calls him (Them. c. 14) Ariamenes, and speaks of ARIAEUS ('Apta7os), or ARIDAE'US ('Aptbim as a brave man and the justest of the brothers Saos), the friend and lieutenant of Cyrus, comof Xerxes. The same writer relates (de Fratern. manded the barbarians in that prince's army at
Am. p. 448; comp. Apophth. p. 173), that this the battle of Cunaxa, B. c. 401. (Xen. Anab. i. 8.
Ariamenes (called by Justin, ii. 10, Artemenes) ~ 5; Diod. xiv. 22; comp. Plut. Artax. c. 11.)
laid claim to the throne on the death of Dareius, as After the death of Cyrus, the Cyrean Greeks
the eldest of his sons, but was opposed by Xerxes, offered to place Ariaeus on the Persian throne;
who maintained that he had a right to the crown but he declined making the attempt, on the ground
as the eldest of the sons born after Dareius had that there were many Persians superior to himself,
become king. The Persians appointed Artabanus who would never tolerate him as king. (Anab. ii.
to decide the dispute; and upon his declaring in 1. ~ 4, 2. ~ 1.) He exchanged oaths of fidelity,
favour of Xerxes, Ariamenes immediately saluted however with the Greeks, and, at the commencehis brother as king, and was treated by him with ment of their retreat, marched in company with
great respect. According to Herodotus (vii. 2), them; but soon afterwards he purchased his parwho calls the eldest son of Dareius, Artabazanes, don from Artaxerxes by deserting them, and aidthis dispute took place in the life-time of Dareius. ing (possibly through the help of his friend Menon)
ARIADNE ('AptdaSvi), a daughter of Minos the treachery of Tissaphernes, whereby the princiand Pasiphae or Creta. (Apollod. iii.. ~ 2.) pal Greek generals fell into the hands of the PerWhen Theseus was sent by his father to convey sians. (Anab. ii. 2. ~ 8, &c., 4. ~~ 1, 2, 9, 5.
the tribute of the Athenians to Minotaurus, ~~ 28, 38, &c.; comp. Plut. Artax. c. 18.) It
Ariadne fell in love with him, and gave him the was perhaps this same Ariaeus who was emstring by means of which he found his way out of ployed by Tithraustes to put Tissaphernes to death
the Labyrinth, and which she herself had received in accordance with the king's order, B. c. 396.
from Hephaestus. Theseus in return promised to (Polyaen. viii. 16; Diod. xiv. 80; Wess. and Palm.
marry her (Plut. Tles. 19; Hygin. Fab. 42; ad loc.; comp. Xen. Tel. iii. 1. ~7.) In the ensuing
Didyn. ad Odyss. xi. 320), and she accordingly year, B. c. 395, we again hear of Ariaeus as having
left Crete with him; but when they arrived in the revolted from Artaxerxes, and receiving Spithridates
island of Dia (Naxos), she was killed there by and the Paphlagonians after their desertion of the
Artemis. (Hom. Od. xi. 324.) The words added Spartan service. (Xen. Hell. iv. 1. ~ 27; Plut.
in the Odyssey, Alovvrhov feapTrpiprolv, are difficult Ages. c. 11.) [E. E.]
to understand, unless we interpret them with ARIA'MENES. [ARIABIGNES.]
Pherecydes by " on the denunciation of Dionysus," ARIAMNES ('Apta'uvs-). I. King, or more
because he was indignant at the profanation of his properly satrap, of Cappadocia, the son of Datames,
grotto by the love of Theseus and Ariadne. In and father of Ariarathes I., reigned 50 years.
this case Ariadne was probably killed by Artemis (Diod. xxxi. Eel. 3.)
at the moment she gave birth to her twin children, II. King of Cappadocia, succeeded his father
for she is said to have had two sons by Theseus, Ariarathes II. He was very fond of his children,
Oenopion and Staphylus. The more common tradi- and shared his crown with his son Ariarathes III.
tion, however, was, that Theseus left Ariadne in in his life-time. (Diod. 1. c.)
Naxos alive; but here the statements again differ, ARIAMNES. [ABGAtus, No. 1.]
for some relate that he was forced by Dionysus to ARIANTAS ('ApmavTds), a king of the Scyleave her (Diod. iv. 61, v. 51; Paus. i. 20. ~ 2, ix. thians, who, in order to learn the population of his
40. ~ 2, x. 29. ~ 2), and that in his grief he forgot people, commanded every Scythian to bring him
to take down the black sail, which occasioned the an arrow-head. With these arrow-heads he made
death of his father. According to others, Theseus a brazen or copper vessel, which was set up in a
faithlessly forsook her in the island, and different place called Exampaeus, between the rivers Borysmotives are given for this act of faithlessness. thenes and Hypanis. (Herod. iv. 81.)