A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARCHESTRATUS.
ARCHE'MACHUS ('ApxCaXos). There are
two mythical personages of this name, concerning
whom nothing of interest is known, the one a son
of Heracles and the other a son of Priam. (Apollod.
ii. 7. ~ 8, iii. 12. ~ 5.) [L. S.]
ARCHE'MACHUS ('ApXGeaXos), of Euboea,
wrote a work on his native country, which consisted at least of three books. (Strab. x. p. 465;
Athen. vi. p. 264, a.; Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p.
327, a. ed. Paris, 1629; Harpocrat. s. v. KTrd\haaov.ipos; Plut. de Is. et Osir. c. 27.) Whether this
Archelaus was the author of the grammatical work
A METrwvvLiat (Schol. ad Apollon. lRhod. iv.
262), is uncertain.
ARCHEMO'RUS ('ApX iwpos), a son of the
Nemean king Lycurgus, and Eurydice. His real
name was Opheltes, which was said to have been
changed into Archemorus, that is, "the Forerunner
of death," on the following occasion. When the
Seven heroes on their expedition against Thebes
stopped at Nemea to take in water, the nurse of
the child Opheltes, while shewing the way to the
Seven, left the child alone. In the meantime, the
child was killed by a dragon, an4 buried by the
Seven. But as Amphiaraus saw in this accident
an omen boding destruction to him and his companions, they called the child Archemorus, and
instituted the Nemean games in honour of him.
(Apollod. iii. 6. ~ 4.) [L. S.]
ARCHE'NOR ('ApX/vwp), one of the Niobids
(Hygin. Fab. 11), and perhaps the same who is
called by Ovid (Met. vi. 248) Alphenor. The
names of the Niobids, however, differ very much
in the different lists. [L. S.]
ARCHESITA. [ARCESILAUS, Artists, No. 4.]
ARCHE'STRATUS ('ApXEorparos). 1. One
of the ten o(rpaTr7yol who were appointed to supersede Alcibiades in the command of the Athenian
fleet after the battle of Notium, B. c. 407. Xenophon and Diodorus, who give us his name in this
list, say no more of him; but we learn from Lysias
that he died at Mytilene, and he appears therefore
to have been with Conon when Callicratidas
chased the Athenian fleet thither from 'Eca-rdvvsnoto (Xen. Hell. i. 5. ~ 16; Diod. xiii. 74, 77,
78; Lys. 'AroA. Swpos. p. 162; Schn. ad Xen.
Hell. i. 6. ~ 16; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iv. p. 119,
note 3.)
2. A member of the Sovx?' at Athens, who
during the siege of the city after the battle of
Aegospotami, B. c. 405, was thrown into prison
for advising capitulation on the terms required by
the Spartans. (Xen. Hell. ii. 2. ~ 15.)
3. The mover of the decree passed by the
Athenians at the instigation of Agnonides, that an
embassy should be sent to the Macedonian king
Arrhidaeus Philip, and the regent Polysperchon,
to accuse Phocion of treason, B. c. 318. (Plut.
PJLc. c. 33.) Schneider (ad Xen. Hell. ii. 2.
~ 15), by a strange anachronism, identifies this
Archestratus with the one mentioned immediately
Ibove. [E. E.]
ARCHE'STRATUS ('ApXCo'rparos). 1. Of
3ela or Syracuse (Athen. i. p. 4, d), but more
isually described as a native of Gela, appears to
rave lived about the time of the younger Diolysius. He travelled through various countries in
)rder to become accurately acquainted with every
hing which could be used for the table; and gave
he results of his researches in an Epic poem on
he Art of Cookery, which was celebrated in an

ARCHIAS.

tiquity, and is constantly referred io by Athenaeus.
In no part of the Hellenic world was the art of
good living carried to such an extent as in Sicily
(the Siculae dapes, Hor. Carm. iii. 1. 18, became
proverbial); and Terpsion, who is described as a
teacher of Archestratus, had already written a
work on the Art of Cookery. (Athen. viii. p. 337,
b.) The work of Archestratus is cited by the ancients under five different titles,-Faa'rpohoyia,
raocrpovo/lfa, 'O-oroix'ta, AYrvoAhoyia, and 'EHvnrdOBea. Ennius wrote an imitation or translation of
this poem under the title of Carmina fledypathelica
or Iledypathica. (Apul. Apol. p. 484, Oudend.)
Archestratus delivered his precepts in the style
and with the gravity of the old gnomic poets,
whence he is called in joke the Hesiod or Theognis
of gluttons, and his work is referred to as the
" Golden Verses," like those of Pythagoras. (Athen.
vii. pp. 310,a. 320,f.) His description of the various
natural objects used for the table was so accurate,
that Aristotle made use of his work in giving an
account of the natural history of fishes. The extant fragments have been collected and explained
by Schneider, in his edition of Aristotle's Natural
History (vol. i. pp. Iv.-lxxv.), and also by Domenico Scina, under the title of " I frammenti
della Gastronomia di Archestrato raccolti e volgarizzati," Palermo, 1823, 8vo.
2. The author of a work flepl AMAtwrcv (Athen.
xiv. p. 634, d.) seems to be a different person from
the one mentioned above.
ARCHETI'MUS ('ApXc-7e as), of Syracuse,
wrote an account of the interview of Thales and
the other wise men of Greece with Cypselus of
Corinth, at which Archetimus was present. (Diog.
Laert. i. 40.)
A'RCHIAS ('Apxias), of Corinth, the founder
of Syracuse, B. c. 734. He was a Heracleid, either
of the Bacchiad or the Temenid line, and of high
account at Corinth. In consequence of the death
of Actaeon [ACTAEON, No. 2] he resolved to leave
his country. He consulted the Delphic Oracle,
which directed him, says Pausanias, who gives the
three hexameters, "to an Ortygia in Trinacria,
where Arethusa and Alpheius reappeared." According to an account given in Strabo, Steph.
Byz., and at greater length, with the four verses
of the Oracle, by the Scholiast to Aristophanes,
he and Myscellus, the founder of Croton, were
inquiring together, and when the Pythoness asked
which they would choose, health or wealth,
Myscellus chose health, and Archias wealth; a
decision with which, it was thought, the afterfortunes of their colonies were connected. Archias
sailed in company, we are also told by Strabo,
with Chersicrates, his countryman, and left him at
Corcyra: as also Myscellus at Croton, in the
founding of which he assisted. Thence he proceeded to his destination. (Thuc. vi. 3; Plut.
Amat. Narr. p. 772; Diod. Exc. ii. p. 288; Paus.
v. 7. ~ 2; Strabo, vi. pp. 262, 269; Steph. Byz.
s. v. Syracus.; Schol. ad Arist. Eq. 1089. See
also Clinton, F. I. B. c. 734, and vol. ii. pp. 264,
265; Muller's Dor. i. 6. ~ 7.) [A. H. C.]
ARCHIAS ('ApXias). 1. A Spartan, who fell
bravely in the Lacedaemonian attack upon Samos
in B. c. 525. Herodotus saw at Pitana in Laconia
his grandson Archias. (Herod. iii. 55.)
2. Of Thurii, originally an actor, was sent in
B. c. 322, after the battle of Cranon, to apprehend
the orators whom Antipater had demanded of the