A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARCHELAUS.
2. A surname of Asclepius, under which he was
worshipped at Tithorea in Phocis. (Paus. x. 32.
~ 8.) [L. S.]
ARCHELA'US ('ApXyAaos), a son of Temenus,
a Heraclid, who, when expelled by his brothers,
fled to king Cisseus in Macedonia. Cisseus promised him the succession to his throne and the
hand of his daughter, if he would assist him against
his neighbouring enemies. Archelaus performed
what was asked of him; but when, after the defeat
of the enemy, he claimed the fulfilment of the promise, Cisseus had a hole dug in the earth, filled
it with burning coals, and covered it over with
branches, that Archelaus might fall into it. The
plan was discovered, and Cisseus himself was
thrown into the pit by Archelaus, who then fled,
but at the command of Apollo built the town of
Aegae on a spot to which he was led by a goat.
According to some accounts, Alexander the Great
was a descendant of Archelaus. (Hygin. Fab. 219.)
Two other mythical personages of this name occur
in Apollodorus. (ii. 1. ~ 5, 4. ~ 5, &c.) [L. S.]
ARCHELA'US ('Apxfeao5), the author of a
poem consisting of upwards of three hundred barbarous Greek iambics, entitled riepi rrj 'lepds
Ts'vrs', De Sacra Arte (sc. Chrysopoeia). Nothing is known of the events of his life; his date
also is uncertain, but the poem is evidently the
work of a comparatively recent writer, and must
not be attributed to any of the older authors of
this name. It was published for the first time in
the second volume of Ideler's Physici et Medici
Graeci MAinores, Berol. 1842, 8vo.; but a few extracts had previously been inserted by J. S. Bernard,
in his edition of Palladius, De Febribus, Lugd.
Bat. 1745, 8vo. pp. 160-163. [W. A. G.]
ARCHELA'US ('Ape'Aaos), one of the illegitimate sons of AIvYNTras II. by Cygnaea. Himself
and his two brothers (Archideus or Arrhidaeus,
and Menelaus) excited the jealousy of their halfbrother Philip; and, this having proved fatal to
one of them, the other two fled for refuge to
Olynthus. According to Justin, the protection
which they obtained there gave occasion to the
Olynthian war, B. c. 349; and on the capture of
the city, B. c. 347, the two princes fell into Philip's
hands and were put to death. (Just. vii. 4, viii.
3.) [E. E.]
ARCHELA'US, bishop of CAESAREIA in Cappadocia, wrote a work against the heresy of the
Messalians, which is referred to by Photius. (Cod.
52.) Cave places him at 440 A. D. (Hist. Lit.
sub. ann.) [P. S.]
ARCHELA'US, KING OF CAPPADOCIA. [Archelaus, general of Mithridates, No. 4, p. 263.]
ARCHELA'US, bishop of CARRHA in Mesopotamia, A. D. 278, held a public dispute with the
heretic Manes, an account of which he published
in Syriac. The work was soon translated both
into Greek and into Latin. (Socrates, H. E. i. 22;
Hieron. de Vir. Illustr. 72.) A large fragment of
the Latin version was published by Valesius, in his
edition of Socrates and Sozomen. The same version, almost entire, was again printed, with the
Fragments of the Greek version, by Zaccagnius,
n his Collect. Monument. Vet., Rom. 1698, and by
Vabricius in his edition of Hippolytus. [P. S.]
ARCHELA'US ('ApX'Aaos), a Greek GEOGRAH ER, who wrote a work in which he described all
he countries which Alexander the Great had traersed. (Diog. Laert. ii. 17.) This statement would

ARCHELAUS. 261
lead us to conjecture, that Archelaus was a contemporary of Alexander, and perhaps accompanied him
on his expeditions. But as the work is campletely
lost, nothing certain can be said about the matter.
In like manner, it must remain uncertain whether
this Archelaus is the same as the one whose " Euboeica" are quoted by Harpocration (s. v. 'AAdv-,J0o-oS, where however Maussac readsA rchemachus),
and whose works on rivers and stones are mentioned by Plutarch (de Fluv. I and 9) and Stobaeus.
(Florileg. i. 15.) [L. S.]
ARCHELA'US ('ApXEAaos). son of HEROD
the Great by Malthace, a Samaritan woman, is
called by Dion Cassius 'Hpc8 s IatXaa-Y 'drs,
and was whole brother to Herod Antipas. (Dion
Cass. Iv. 27; Joseph. Ant. xvii. 1. ~ 3, 10. ~ 1;"
Bell. Jud. i. 28. ~ 4.) The will of Herod, which
had at first been so drawn up as to exclude
Archelaus in consequence of the false representations of his eldest brother Antipater, was afterward altered in his favour on the discovery of
the latter's treachery [see p. 203]; and, on the
death of Herod, he was saluted as king by the
army. This title, however, he declined till it
should be ratified by Augustus; and, in a speech
to the people after his father's funeral, he made
large professions of his moderation and his willingness to redress all grievances. (Joseph. Ant.
xvii. 4. ~ 3, 6. ~ 1, 8. ~~ 2-4; Bell. Jud. i. 31.
~ 1, 32. ~ 7, 33. ~~ 7-9.) Immediately after
this a serious sedition occurred, which Archelaus
quenched in blood (Ant. xvii. 9. ~~ 1-3; Bell.
Jud. ii. 1; comp. Ant. xvii. 6; Bell. Jud. i. 33),
and he then proceeded to Rome to obtain the confirmation of his father's will. Here he was opposed
by Antipas, who was supported by Herod's sister
Salome and her son Antipater, and ambassadors
also came from the Jews to complain of the cruelty
of Archelaus, and to entreat that their country
might be annexed to Syria and ruled by Roman
governors. The will of Herod was, however, ratified in its main points by Augustus, and in the
division of the kingdom Archelaus received Judaea,
Samaria, and Idumaea, with the title of Ethnarch,
and a promise of that of king should he be found
to deserve it. (Ant. xvii. 9, 11; Bell. Jud. ii.
2, 6; Euseb. Hist. Ecc. i. 9; comp. Luke, xix.
12-27.) On his return from Rome he set the
Jewish law at defiance by his marriage 'with
Glaphyra (daughter of Archelaus, king of Cappadocia), the widow of his brother Alexander, by
whom she had children living (Levit. xviii. 16, xx.
21; Deut. xxv. 5); and, his general government
being most tyrannical, he was again accused before
Augustus by the Jews in the 10th year of his
reign (A. D. 7), and, as he was unable to clear
himself from their charges, he was banished to
Vienna in Gaul, where he died. (Ant. xvii. 13;
Bell. Jud. ii. 7. ~ 3; Strab. xvi. p. 765; Dion
Cass. lv. 27; Euseb. Hist. Ecc. i. 9.) [E. E.]
ARCHELA'US ('ApXEAaos), king of MACEDONIA from B. c. 413 to 399. According to Plato,
he was an illegitimate son of Perdiccas II. and obtained the throne by the murder of his uncle Alcetas, his cousin, and his half-brother (Plat. Gorgy.
p. 471; Athen. v. p. 217, d.; Ael. V. H. xii. 43),
further strengthening himself by marriage with
Cleopatra, his father's widow. (Plat. Gorg. p. 471,
c.; Aristot. Polit. v. 10, ed. Bekk.) Nor does there
appear to be any valid reason for rejecting this
story, in spite of the silence of Thucydides, who