A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

242 APOLLONIUS.
(Bologna, 1566). The 5th, 6th, and 7th were
translated from an Arabic manuscript in the
Medicean library by Abraham Echellensis and
Borelli, and edited in Latin (Florence, 1661); and
by Ravius (Kilonii, 1669).
Apollonius was the author of several other
works. The following are described by Pappus in
the 7th book of his Mathematical Collections:rIep} Ao'you 'Arroroýs and TIepl Xwplov 'A7roTrouis, in which it was shewn how to draw a line
through a given point so as to cut segments from
two given lines, 1st. in a given ratio, 2nd. containing a given rectangle.
Of the first of these an Arabic version is still
extant, of which a translation was edited by Halley, with a conjectural restoration of the second.
(Oxon. 1706.)
IIepi Alwprspi'Ev-s To/jis. To find a point in a
given straight line such, that the rectangle of its
distances from two given points in the same should
fulfil certain conditions. (See Pappus, 1. c.) A
solution of this problem was published by Robt.
Simson. nepl Toerwv 'EmrrT7rwv, " A Treatise
in two books on Plane Loci. Restored by Robt.
Simson," Glasg. 1749.
IHpl 'ETra(p3v, in which it was proposed to draw
a circle fulfilling any three of the conditions of
passing through one or more of three given
points, and touching one or more of three given
circles and three given straight lines. Or, which
is the same thing, to draw a circle touching three
given circles whose radii may have any magnitude,
including zero and infinity. (Ap. de Tactionibus
quae supers., ed. J. G. Camerer." Goth. et Amst.
1795, 8vo.)
-lepl Neýewv. To draw through a given point
a right line so that a given portion of it should be
intercepted between two given right lines. (Restored by S. Horsley, Oxon. 1770.)
Proclus, in his commentary on Euclid, mentions
two treatises, De Cochlea and De Perturbatis
Rationibus.
Ptolemy (Magn. Const. lib. xii. init.) refers to
Apollonius for the demonstration of certain propositions relative to the stations and retrogradations
of the planets.
Eutocius, in his commentary on the Dimensio
Circuli of Archimedes, mentions an arithmetical
work called ',KUVrOoov, (see Wallis, Op. vol. iii.
p. 559,) which is supposed to be referred to in a
fragment of the 2nd book of Pappus, edited by
Wallis. (Op. vol. iii. p. 597.) (Montucla, list.
des Mathim. vol. i.; Halley, Praef. ad Ap. Conic.;
Wenrich, de auct. Graec. versionibus et comment.
Syriacis, Arab. Armen. Persicisque, Lips. 1842;
Pope Blount, Censur. Celeb. Auth.) [W. F. D.]
APOLLONIUS TYANAEUS ('AroAAhhW'os
Tvavaios), a Pythagorean philosopher, born at
Tyana in Cappadocia about four years before the
Christian era. Much of his reputation is to be
attributed to the belief in his magical or supernatural powers, and the parallel which modern and
ancient writers have attempted to draw between
his character and supposed miracles, and those of
the Author of our religion. His life by Philostratus
is a mass of incongruities and fables: whether it
have any groundwork of historical trutlh and whether it were written wholly or partly with a controversial aim, are questions we shall be better
prepared to discuss after giving an account of the
contents of the work itself.

APOLLONIUS.
Apollonius, according to the narrative of his
biographer, was of noble ancestry, and claimed
I kindred with the founders of the city of Tyana.
L We need not stop to dispute the other story of the
incarnation of the god Proteus, or refer it, with
STillemont, to demoniacal agency. At the age of
fourteen he was placed under the care of Euthydemus, a rhetorician of Tarsus; but, being disgusted
at the luxury of the inhabitants, he obtained leave
of his father and instructor to retire to the neighbouring town of Aegae. Here he is said to have
studied the whole circle of the Platonic, Sceptic,
Epicurean, and Peripatetic philosophy, and ended
by giving his preference to the Pythagorean, in
which he had been trained by Euxenus of Heraclea. (Phil. i. 7.) Immediately, as if the idea of
treading in the footsteps of Pythagoras had seized
him in his earliest youth, he began to exercise
himself in the severe asceticism of the sect; abstained from animal food and woollen clothing,
foreswore wine and the company of women, suffered his hair to grow, and betook himself to the
temple of Aesculapius at Aegae, who was supposed
to regard him with peculiar favour. He was recalled to Tyana, in the twentieth year of his age,
by his father's death: after dividing his inheritance with a brother whom he is said to have reclaimed from dissolute living, and giving the greater
part of what remained to his poorer relatives (Phil.
i. 13), he returned to the discipline of Pythagoras.
and for five years preserved the mystic silence,
during which alone the secret truths of philosophy
were disclosed. At the end of the five years, h(
travelled in Asia Minor, going from city to city
and everywhere disputing, like Pythagoras, upor
divine rites. There is a blank in his biography
at this period of his life, of about twenty years
during which we must suppose the same employ
ment to have continued, unless indeed we havy
reason to suspect that the received date of his birt]
has been anticipated twenty years. He was be
tween forty and fifty years old when he set out o:
his travels to the east; and here Philostratu
sends forth his hero on a voyage of discovery, i
which we must be content rapidly to follow hin
From Aegae he went to Nineveh, where he me
Damis, the future chronicler of his actions, an(
proceeding on his route to India, he discoursed i
Babylon with Bardanes, the Parthian king, an
consulted the magi and Brahmins, who were su]
posed to have imparted to him some theurgic sa
crets. He next visited Taxila, the capital
Phraortes, an Indian prince, where he met larcha
the chief of the Brahmins, and disputed with II
dian Gymnosophists already versed in Alexandrih
philosophy. (Phil. iii. 51.) This eastern journ,
lasted five years: at its conclusion, he returned
the Ionian cities, where we first hear of his pi
tensions to miraculous power, founded, as it wou
seem, on the possession of some divine knowled
derived from the east. If it be true that t
honours of a god were decreed to him at t1
period of his life, we are of course led to susp(
some collusion with the priests (iv. 1), who C
said to have referred the sick to him for reli
From Ionia he crossed over into Greece (iv. 1
visited the temples and oracles which lay in
way, everywhere disputing about religion, a
assuming the authority of a divine legislator.
the Eleusinian mysteries he was rejected a a r
gician, and did not obtain admission to them um