A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

230 APOLLO. APOLLO.
ponent of the Arians, and a personal friend of 250, &c.), and his festivals usually fell on the seAthanasius; and in arguing against the former, he venth of a month. Immediately after his birth,
maintained, that the Divine Word (the Logos) Apollo was fed with ambrosia and nectar by Thesupplied the place of a rational soul in the person mis, and no sooner had lie tasted the divine food,
of Christ. He died between 382 and 392 A. D. than he sprang up and demanded a lyre and a bow,
His doctrine was condemned by a synod at Rome, and declared, that henceforth he would declare to
about 375 A. D., but it continued to be held by a men the will of Zeus. Delos exulted with joy,
considerable sect, who were called Apollinarists, and covered herself with golden flowers. (Comp.
down to the middle of the fifth century. (Hieron. Theognis, 5, &c.; Eurip. Hecub. 457, &c.)
de Vir. Illust. 104; Socrates, H. E. ii. 46, iii. 16; Apollo, though one of the great gods of Olympus,
Sozomen, II. E. v. 18, vi. 25; Suidas, s. v.; Cave, is yet represented in some sort of dependence on
Hist. Litt.; Wernsdorf, Diss. de Apollin.) Zeus, who is regarded as the source of the powers
3. The author of two epigrams in the Greek exercised by his son. The powers ascribed to
Anthology, is very probably the same person as Apollo are apparently of different kinds, but all are
the elder Apollinaris of Laodicea. (Jacobs, Anthol. connected with one another, and may be said to be
Graec. xiii. p. 853.)!P. S.] only ramifications of one and the same, as will be
APOLLINA'RIS, CLAU'DIUS, the com- seen from the following classification.
mander of Vitellius' fleet at Misenum, when it Apollo is-1. thie god zwho punishes and destroys
revolted to Vespasian in A. D. 70. Apollinaris es- (oaiAeos) the wicked and overbearing, and as such he
caped with six galleys. (Tac. Hist. iii. 57, 76, 77.) is described as the god with bow and arrows, the
APOLLO ('AirdAAcwv), one of the great divini- gift of Hephaestus. (Hom. II. i. 42, xxiv. 605,
ties of the Greeks, was, according to Homer (II. i. Od. xi. 318, xv. 410, &c.; comp. Pind. Pytth. iii.
21, 36), the son of Zeus and Leto. Hesiod (Theog. 15, &c.) Various epithets given to him in the
918) states the same, and adds, that Apollo's sister Homeric poems, such as 'KCaros, ecKaEpyos, Eic7~edAOS,
was Artemis. Neither of the two poets suggests ic'roIeAosh, cKAvrroros, and dpyvpo-roos, refer to
anything in regard to the birth-place of the god, him as the god who with his darts hits his object
unless we take AviKc-yveYjs (It. iv.101) in the sense at a distance and never misses it. All sudden
of " born in Lycia," which, however, according to deaths of men, whether they were regarded as a
others, would only mean "born of or in light." punishment or a reward, were believed to be the
Several towns and places claimed the honour of his effect of the arrows of Apollo; and with the same
birth, as we see from various local traditions men- arrows he sent the plague into the camp of the
tioned by late writers. Thus the Ephesians said Greeks. Hyginus relates, that four days after his
that Apollo and Artemis were born in the grove of birth, Apollo went to mount Parnassus, and there
Ortygia near Ephesus (Tacit. Annal. iii. 61); the killed the dragon Python, who had pursued his
inhabitants of Tegyra in Boeotia and of Zoster in mother during her wanderings, before she reached
Attica claimed the same honour for themselves. Delos. He is also said to have assisted Zeus in
(Steph. Byz. s. v. Tseyupa.) In some of these local his contest with the giants. (Apollod, i. 6. ~ 2.)
traditions Apollo is mentioned alone, and in others The circumstance, of Apollo being the destroyer of
together with his sister Artemis. The account of the wicked was believed by some of the ancients
Apollo's parentage, too, was not the same in all to have given rise to his name Apollo, which they
traditions (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23), and the connected with dsro6'A\vi, "to destroy." (Aeschyl.
Egyptians made out that he was a son of Dionysus Again. 1081.) Some modern writers, on the other
and Isis. (Herod. ii. 156.) But the opinion most hand, who consider the power of averting evil to
universally received Was, that Apollo, the son of have been the original and principal feature in his
Zeus and Leto, was born in the island of Delos, character, say that 'ArioAAhAw, i. e. 'ArhAAcwv, (from
together with his sister Artemis; and the circum- the root pello), signifies the god who drives away
stances of his birth there are detailed in the Ho- evil, and is synonymous with dAEisancar, ACESIuS,
meric hymn on Apollo, and in that of Callimachus ACESTOR, Tawrcp, and other names and epithets
on Delos. (Comp. Apollod. i. 4. ~ 1; Hygin. Fab. applied to Apollo.
140.) Hera in her jealousy pursued Leto from 2. The god who afords help and wards off evil
land to land and from isle to isle, and endeavoured As he had the power of visiting men with plagues
to prevent her finding a resting-place where to give and epidemics, so he was also able to deliver mer
birth. At last, however, she arrived in Delos, from them, if duly propitiated, or at least by hi:
where she was kindly received, and after nine oracles to suggest the means by which such calami
days' labour she gave birth to Apollo under a palm ties could be averted. Various names and epithet
or an olive tree at the foot of mount Cynthus. She which are given to Apollo, especially by later wri
was assisted by all the goddesses, except Hera and ters, such as adcKE' os, aKdierwp, dAeaiscaKcos, c refj
Eileithyia, but the latter too hastened to lend her dworrpirasos, Errcoupiose, ia rpoegdVrsTs, and others
aid, as soon as she heard what was taking place. are descriptive of this power. (Paus. i. 3. ~ 1
The island of Delos, which previous to this event vi. 24. ~ 5, viii. 41. ~ 5; Plut. de El ap. Delph. 21
had been unsteady and floating on or buried under de Defect. Orac. 7; Aeschyl. Eum. 62; com]
the waves of the sea, now became stationary, and Muller, Dor. ii. 6. ~ 3.) It seems to be the ide
was fastened to the roots of the earth. (Comp. of his being the god who afforded help, that mad
Virg. Aen. iii. 75.) The day of Apollo's birth was him the father of Asclepius, the god of the healir
believed to have been the seventh of the month, art, and that, at least in later times, identified hii
whence he is called eSoyoayseyrs. (Plut.Symnspos. 8.) with Paeeon, the god of the healing art in Home
According to some traditions, he was a seven [PAEEON.]
months' child (ie'raiusYa'ios). The number seven 3. The god of prophecy. Apollo exercised th
was sacred to the god; on the seventh of every power in his numerous oracles, and especially
month sacrifices were offered to hinm (Mom oayrl7ss, that of Delphi. (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Oracildum.) T1
Aeschyl. Sept. 802; comp. Callim. IiHymn. in Del. source of all his prophetic powers was Zeus hir