A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ANTIOCIIUS.
verse of the annexed coin represents the Dioscuri
riding on horseback, and has upon it the year 0 P,
that is, the 170th year of the Seleucidae. (Eckhel,
iii. p. 231, &c.)

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VI.
ANTI'OCHUS VII. ('Avrioyos), king of SYRIA, surnamed SIDETES ( rstmy), from Side in
Pamphylia, where he was brought up, (and not
from a Syriac word signifying a hunter,) and on
coins Euergetes (Evepy 'ris), was the younger son
of Demetrius Soter, and obtained possession of the
throne in B. c. 137, after conquering Tryphon, who
had held the sovereignty since the murder of
Antiochus VI. le married Cleopatra, the wife
of his elder brother Denmetrius Nicator, who was a
prisoner in the hand of the Parthians. He carried
on war against the Jews, and took Jerusalem
after almost a year's siege, in B. c. 133. HIe then
granted them a peace on favourable terms, and
next directed his arms against the Parthians. At
first he smet with success, but was afterwards defeated by the Parthian king, and lost his life in
the battle, after a reign of nine years. (B. c. 128.)
lis son Seleucus was taken prisoner in the same
battle. Antiochus, like many of his predecessors,
was passionately devoted to the pleasures of the
table. He had three sons and two daughters, the
latter of whom both bore the name of Laodice.
-lis sons were Antiochus, Seleucus, and Antiochus
(Cyzicenus), the last of whom subsequently succeeded to the throne. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 8; 1
Macscab. xv., &c.; Justin, xxxvi. 1, xxxviii. 10;
Diod. xxxiv. Eel. 1; Athen. x. p. 439, xii. p. 540.)
The reverse of the annexed coin represents Athena
holding a small figure of Victory in her right hand.
'Eckhel, iii. p. 235, &c.)

ANTIOCHUS. 199
remained in her hands. (B. c. 125.) At this time
the greater part of Syria was in the power of the
usurper Alexander Zebina [see p. 127, b.]; but
Antiochus, with the assistance of Ptolemy Physcon,
the king of Egypt, whose daughter he married,
conquered Alexander and became master of the
whole of Syria. Cleopatra then became jealous of
him and plotted against his life; but her son compelled her to drink the poison she had prepared
for him. (B. c. 120.) For the next eight years
Antiochus reigned in peace; but at the end of that
time his half-brother, Antiochus Cyzicenus, the
son of Antiochus Sidetes and their common mother
Cleopatra, laid claim to the crown, and a civil war
ensued. (B. c. 112.) The remaining history of the
Seleucidae till Syria became a Roman province, is
hardly anything else but a series of civil wars between the princes of the royal family. In the first
year of the struggle (B. c. 112), Antiochus Cyzicenus became master of almost the whole of Syria,
but in the next year (a. c. 111), A. Grypus regained a considerable part of his dominions; and
it was then agreed that the kingdom should be
shared between them, A. Cyzicenus having CoeleSyria and Phoenicia, and A. Grypus the remainder
of the provinces. This arrangement lasted, though
with frequent wars between the two kings, till the
death of Antiochus Grypus, who was assassinated
by Heracleon in B. c. 96, after a reign of twentynine years. Hle left five sons, Seleucus, Philip,
Antiochus Epiphanes, Demetrius Eucaerus, and
Antiochus Dionysus. (Justin, xxxix. 1-3; Liv.
Epit. 60; Appian, Syr. 69; Joseph. Antiq. xiii.
13; Athen. xii. p. 540.) Many of the coins of
Antiochus Grypus have the head of Antiochus on
one side, and that of his mother Cleopatra on the
other. The one annexed must have been struck
after his mother's death. (Eckhel, iii. p. 238, &c.)

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIII.
ANTIOCHUS IX. ('AvrloXos), king of SYRIA
surnamed CYZICENUS (KveitKnVds) from Cyzicus,
where he was brought up, and on coins Philopator
(4oXiroiraTwp), reigned over Coele-Syria and Phoenicia from B. c. 111 to 96, as is stated in the preceding article. On the death of his brother, Antiochus VIII., he attempted to obtain possession of

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VII.
ANTI'OCIIUS VIII. ('A7i[oeos), king of SYUA, surnamed GRYPUS (rpovds), or Hooklosed, from yp4, a vulture, and on coins Epiphanes
'E7rnpi.vs'), was the second son of Demetrius
qicator and Cleopatra. His eldest brother Seleuus was put to death by their mother Cleopatra,
iecause he wished to have the power, and not
serely the title, of king; and Antiochus was after.is brother's death recalled from Athens, where he
Yas studying, by his mother Cleopatra, that he might
ear the title of king, while the real sovereignty

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS IX.