A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

196 ANTIOCHUS.
tained in C. et T. M'iller, Fracg. H-istor. Graec.
Paris, 1841, pp. 181-184.) [L. S.]
ANTI'OCHUS I. ('AVrioXos), king of SYRIA,
surnamed SOTER ( wrnp), was the son of Seleucus
Nicator and a Persian lady, Apama. The marriage of his father with Apama was one of those
marriages which Alexander celebrated at Susa in
B. c. 325, when he gave Persian wives to his generals. This would fix the birth of Antiochus
about B. c. 324. He was present with his father
at the battle of Ipsus in B. c. 301, which secured
for Seleucus the government of Asia. It is related
of Antiochus, that he fell sick through love of
Stratonice, the young wife of his father, and the
daughter of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and that when
his father learnt the cause of his illness through
his physician Erasistratus, he resigned Stratonice
to him, and gave him the government of Upper
Asia with the title of king. On the murder of his
father in Macedonia in B. c. 280, Antiochus succeeded to the whole of his dominions, and prosecuted his claims to the throne of Macedonia against
Antigonus Gonatas, but eventually allowed the
latter to retain possession of Macedonia on his
marrying Phila, the daughter of Seleucus and
Stratonice. The rest of Antiochus' reign was chiefly
occupied in wars with the Gauls, who had invaded
Asia Minor. By the help of his elephants he gained
a victory over the Gauls, and received in consequence
the surname of Soter (2wrVjp). He was afterwards
defeated by Eumenes near Sardis, and was subsequently killed in a second battle with the Gauls
(n. c. 261), after a reign of nineteen years. By
his wife Stratonice Antiochus had three children:
Antiochus Theos, who succeeded him; Apama,
married to Magas; and Stratonice, married to
Demetrius II. of Macedonia. (Appian, Syr. 59-65;
Justin, xvii. 2: Plut. Demetr. 38, 39; Strab. xiii.
p. 623; Paus. i. 7; Julian, lMisopog. p. 348, a. b.;
Lucian, Zeuxis, 8; Aelian, H. A. vi. 44; Plin.
H. N. viii. 42.) Apollo is represented on the reverse of the annexed coin. (Eckhel. iii. p. 215.)

ANTIOCHUS.
condition of his putting away his former wife
Laodice and marrying Berenice, a daughter of
Ptolemy. This connexion between Syria and
Egypt is referred to in the book of Daniel (xi. 6),
where by the king of the south we are to understand Egypt, and by the king of the north, Syria,
On the death of Ptolemy two years afterwards
Antiochus recalled Laodice, but she could not forgive the insult that had been shewn her, and, still
mistrusting Antiochus, caused him to be murdered
as well as Berenice and her son. Antiochus was
killed in B. c. 246, after a reign of fifteen years.
By Laodice he had four children, Seleucus Callinicus, who succeeded him, Antiochus Hierax, a
daughter, Stratonice, married to Mithridates, and
another daughter married to Ariarathes. Phylarchus related (Athen. x. p. 438), that Antiochus
was much given to wine. (Appian, Syr. 65;
Athen. ii. p. 45; Justin, xxvii. 1; Polyaen. viii.
50; Val. Max. ix. 14. ~ 1, extern.; Iieronym. ad
Dan. c. 11.) On the reverse of the coin annexed,
Hercules is represented with his club in his hand.
(Eckhel, iii. p.218.)

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS II.
ANTI'OCHUS III. ('AvrioXos), king of SYRIA,
surnamed the GREAT (ME',as), was the son of
Seleucus Callinicus, and succeeded to the throne on
the death of his brother Seleucus Ceraunus, B. c.
223, when he was only in his fifteenth year. Iis
first cousin Achaeus, who might easily have assumed the royal power, was of great use to Antiochus
at the commencement of his reign, and recovered
for the Syrian monarchy all the provinces in Asia
Minor, which Attalus, king of Pergamus, had appropriated to himself. But Antiochus was not so
fortunate in his eastern dominions. Molo and
Alexander, two brothers, who had been appointed
to the government of Media and Persis respectively.
revolted and defeated the armies sent against them,
They were, however, put down in a second campaign, conducted by Antiochus in person, who alsc
added to his dominions the province of Medis
Atropatene. (B. c. 220.)
On his return from his eastern provinces, Antio
chus commenced war against Ptolemy Philopator
king of Egypt, in order to obtain Coele-Syria
Phoenicia, and Palestine, which he maintained be
longed to the Syrian kingdom. At first he wa
completely successful. In B. c. 218, he gained pos
session of the chief towns of Phoenicia, but in th,
following year (B. c.217), he was defeated in a grea
battle fought at Raphia near Gaza, and concludet
in consequence a peace with Ptolemy, by which h
ceded the provinces in dispute. He was the mor
anxious to make peace with Ptolemy, as he wish
ed to direct all his forces against Achaeus, wh
had revolted in Asia Minor. In one campaign h
deprived Achaeus of his conquests, and put him t
death when he fell into his hands in B.. 214

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS I.

ANTIO'CHUS II. ('Av"rloXos), king of SYRIA,
surnamed THEOS (Oeos), a surname which he derived from the Milesians whom he delivered from
their tyrant, Timarchus, succeeded his father in
B. c. 261. Soon after his accession he became involved in war with Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of
Egypt, which lasted for many years and greatly
weakened the Syrian kingdom. Taking advantage
of this weakness, Arsaces was able to establish
the Parthian empire in B. c. 250; and his example
was shortly afterwards followed by Theodotus,
the governor of Bactria, who revolted from Antiochus and made Bactria an independent kingdom.
The loss of these provinces induced Antiochus to
sue for peace, which was granted (B. c. 250) on