A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

194 ANTIOCHUS.

ANTIOCHUS.

This king is first mentioned about B. c. 69, in the
campaign of Lucullus against Tigranes. (Dion Cass.
Frag. xxxv. 2.)
After Pompey had deposed Antiochus Asiaticus,
the last king of Syria, B. c. 65, he marched against
Antiochus of Commagene, with whom he shortly
afterwards concluded a peace. (B. c. 64.) Pompey
added to his dominions Seleuceia and the conquests
he had made in Mesopotamia. (Appian, Mizthr.
106, 114.) When Cicero was governor of Cilicia
(B. c. 51), he received from Antiochus intelligence
of the movements of the Parthians. (Cic. ad Fanzm.
xv. 1, 3, 4.) In the civil war between Caesar and
Pompey (B. c. 49), Antiochus assisted the latter
with troops. (Caesar, B. C. iii. 5; Appian, B. C.
ii. 49.) In B. c. 38, Ventidius, the legate of M.
Antonius, after conquering the Parthians, marched
against Antiochus, attracted by the great treasures
which this king possessed; and Antonius, arriving
at the army just as the war was commencing, took
it into his own hands, and laid siege to Samosata.
He was, however, unable to take the place, and
was glad to retire after making peace with Antiochus. (Dion Cass. xlix. 20-22; Plut. Ant. 34.) A
daughter of Antiochus married Orodes, king of
Parthia. (Dion Cass. xlix. 23.) We do not know
the exact period of the death of Antiochus, but he
must have died before B. c. 31, as his successor
Mithridates is mentioned as king of Commagene in
that year. (Plut. Ant. 61.)
ANTI'OCHUS II. ('AVmoWos), king of COMMAGENE, succeeded Mithridates I., and was summoned to Rome by Augustus and executed in B. c.
29, because he had caused the assassination of an
ambassador, whom his brother had sent to Rome.
Augustus gave the kingdom to Mithridates II.,
who was then a boy, because his father had been
murdered by the king. (Dion Cass. iii. 43, liv. 9.)
ANTI'OCHUS III. ('AvYioXos), king of ConmMAGENE, seems to have succeeded Mithridates II.
We know nothing more of him than that he died
in A. D. 17. (Tac. Ann. ii. 42.) Upon his death,
Commagene became a Roman province (Tac. Ann.
ii. 56), and remained so till A. D. 38, when Antiochus Epiphanes was appointed king by Caligula.
ANTI'OCHUS IV. ('AviloXos), king of CosMMAGENE, surnamed EPIPHANES ('En7ravncs),
was apparently a son of Antiochus III., and received his paternal dominion from Caligula in A. D.
38, with a part of Cilicia bordering on the seacoast in addition. Caligula also gave him the
whole amount of the revenues of Commagene during the twenty years that it had been a Roman
province. (Dion Cass. lix. 8; Suet. Cal. 16.) He
lived on most intimate terms with Caligula, and
he and Herod Agrippa are spoken of as the instructors of the emperor in the art of tyranny.
(Dion Cass. lix. 24.) This friendship, however,
was not of very long continuance, for he was
subsequently deposed by Caligula and did not
obtain his kingdom again till the accession of
Claudius in A. D. 41. (Dion Cass. lx. 8.) In A. D.
43 his son, also called Antiochus Epiphanes, was
betrothed to Drusilla, the daughter of Agrippa.
(Joseph. Ant. xix. 9. ~ 1.) In A. D. 53 Antiochus
put down an insurrection of some barbarous tribes
in Cilicia, called Clitae. (Tac., Ann. xii. 55.) In
A. D. 55 he received orders from Nero to levy
troops to make war against the Parthians, and in
the year 59 he served under Corbulo against Tiridates, brother of the Parthian king Vologeses. (xiii.

7, 37.) In consequence of his services in this
war, he obtained in the year 61 part of Armenia.
(xiv. 26.) He espoused the side of Vespasian,
when he was proclaimed emperor in A. D. 70; and
he is then spoken of as the richest of thle tributary
kings. (Tac. Hist. ii. 81.) In the same year he sent
forces, commanded by his son Antiochus, to assist
Titus in the siege of Jerusalem. (Joseph. Bell. Jud.
v. 11. ~ 3; Tac. Hist. v. 1.) Two years afterwards, A. D. 72, he was accused by Paetus, the
governor of Syria, of conspiring with the Parthians
against the Romans, and was in consequence deprived of his kingdom, after a reign of thirty-four
years from his first appointment by Caligula. He
first retired to Lacedaemon, and then to Rome,
where he passed the remainder of his life with his
sons Antiochus and Callinicus, and was treated
with great respect. (Joseph. B. J. vii. 7.) There
are several coins of this king extant, from which
we learn, that the name of his wife was lotape.
In the one annexed he is called BAIAET: MEFA4
ANTIOXO:. On the reverse a scorpion is represented, surrounded with the foliage of the laurel,
and inscribed KOMMArHNnN. (Eckhel, iii. p.
255, &c.; comp. Clinton, F. H. iii. p. 343, &c.)

ANTI'OCHUS ('AVrioXos), an EPIGRAMMATIC
poet, one of whose epigrams is extant in the Greek
Anthology. (xi. 412.) [L. S.]
ANTI'OCHUS HIERAX ('Avrntoos 'I'paf),
so called from his grasping and ambitious character,
was the younger son of Antiochus II., king oSyria. On the death of his father in B. c. 246.
Antiochus waged war upon his brother Seleucun
Callinicus, in order to obtain Asia Minor for him.
self as an independent kingdom. This war lastec
for many years, but Antiochus was at length en
tirely defeated, chiefly through the efforts of Atta
lus, king of Pergamus, who drove him out of Asi;
Minor. Antiochus subsequently fled to Egypt
where he was killed by robbers in B. c. 227. H
married a daughter of Zielas, king of Bithynic
(Justin. xxvii. 2, 3; Polyaen. iv. 17; Plut. Mo1
p. 489, a.; Euseb. Chron. Armo. pp. 346, 347
Clinton, F. H. iii. pp. 311, 312, 413.) Apollo ]
represented on the reverse of the annexed coil
(Eckhel, iii. p. 219.)

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS HIERAX.