A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

182 ANTALCIDAS.
king, to whom he had gone to give a report of his
measures, and was superseded for a time in his
satrapy by Struthas, a warm friend of Athens.
The war therefore continued for some years; but
in B. c. 388 the state of affairs appeared to give
promise of success if a fresh negotiation with Persia were attempted. Tiribazus had returned to
his former government, Pharnabazus, the opponent
of Spartan interests, had gone up to the capital to
marry Apama, the king's daughter, and had entrusted his government to Ariobarzanes, with
whom Antalcidas had a connexion of hospitality
(Wvos ' Ee 7raaitog). Under these circumstances,
Antalcidas was once more sent to Asia both as
commander of the fleet (vavapxos), and ambassador.
(Hell. v. 1. ~ 6, 28.) On his arrival at Ephesus,
he gave the charge of the squadron to Nicolochus,
as his lieutenant (reroAi0 eds'), and sent him to aid
Abydus and keep Iphicrates in check, while he
himself went to Tiribazus, and possibly proceeded
with him* to the court of Artaxerxes on the more
important business of his mission. In this he was
completely successful, having prevailed on the king
to aid Sparta in forcing, if necessary, the Athenians
and their allies to accede to peace on the terms
which Persia, acting under Spartan influence,
should dictate. On his return however to the seacoast, he received intelligence that Nicolochus was
blockaded in the harbour of Abydus by Iphicrates
and Diotimus. He accordingly proceeded by land
to Abydus, whence he sailed out with the squadron by night, having spread a report that the
Chalcedonians had sent to him for aid. Sailing
northward, he stopped at Percope, and when the
Athenians had passed that place in fancied pursuit
of him, he returned to Abydus, where he hoped to
be strengthened by a reinforcement of twenty ships
from Syracuse and Italy. But hearing that Thrasybulus (of Colyttus, not the hero of Phyle) was
advancing from Thrace with eight ships to join the
Athenian fleet, he put out to sea, and succeeded
by a stratagem in capturing the whole squadron.
(Hell. v. 1. ~ 25-27; Polyaen. ii. 4, and Schneider
in loc. Xen.) lie was soon after joined by the expected ships from Sicily and Italy, by the fleet of
all the Ionian towns of which Tiribazus was master, and even by some which Ariobarzanes furnished from the satrapy of Pharnabazus. Antalcidas thus commanded the sea, which, together
with the annoyance to which Athens was exposed
from Aegina (Hell. v. 1. 1-24), made the Athenians desirous of peace. The same wish being also
strongly felt by Sparta and Argos (see the several
reasons in Xen. Hell. v. 1. ~ 29), the summons of
Tiribazus for a congress of deputies from such
states as might be willing to listen to the terms
proposed by the king, was gladly obeyed by all,
and the satrap then read to them the royal decree.
This famous document, drawn up with a sufficient
assumption of imperial majesty, ran thus: "Artaxerxes the king thinks it just that the cities in
Asia should belong to himself, as well as the islands Clazomenae and Cyprus; but that the other
Grecian cities, both small and great, he should
leave independent, except Lemnos and Imbros and
Scyros; and that these, as of old, should belong to I
the Athenians. But whichever party receives not ]
* If we may infer as much from the expression
which Xenophon afterwards uses (v. i. 25), '0 Pe ]
'AvTaAKi.aes KWmvfi pbs' perav Tipmfdfov, K. T. A. ]

ANW-ANDER.
this peace, against them will I war, with such as
accede to these terms, both by land and by sea,
both with ships and with money." (Hell. v. ].
~ 31.) To these terms all the parties concerned
readily acceded, if we except a brief and ineffectual
delay on the part of Thebes and the united government of Argos and Corinth (Hell. v. 1. ~ 32-34);
and thus was concluded, B. c. 387, the famous
peace of Antalcidas, so called as being the fruit of
his masterly diplomacy. That the peace effectually
provided for the interests of Sparta, is beyond a
doubt (Hell. v. 1. ~ 36); that it was cordially.
cherished by most of the other Grecian states as a
sort of bulwark and charter of freedom, is no less
certain. (Hell. vi. 3. ~~ 9, 12,18, vi. 5. ~ 2; Paus.
ix. 1.) On the subject of the peace, see Thirlwall,
Gr. Hist. vol. iv. p. 445; Mitford, ch. 25. sec. 7,
ch. 27. sec. 2.
Our notices of the rest of the life of Antalcidas
are scattered and doubtful. From a passing allusion in the speech of Callistratus the Athenian
(Hell. vi. 3. ~ 12), we learn that he was then
(B. c. 371) absent on another mission to Persia.
Might this have been with a view to the negotiation of peace in Greece (see Hell. vi. 3), and likewise have been connected with some alarm at the
probable interest of Timotheus, son of Conon, at
the Persian court? (See Diod. xv. 50; Dem.
c. Timoth. p. 1191; Thirlwall, vol. v. p. 63.) Plutarch again (Ages. p. 613, e.) mentions, as a statement of some persons, that at the time of the invasion of Laconia by Epaminondas, B. c. 869,
Antalcidas was one of the ephors, and that, fearing
the capture of Sparta, he conveyed his children for
safety to Cythera. The same author informs us
(Artax. p. 1022, d.), that Antalcidas was sent to
Persia for supplies after the defeat at Leuctra, B. c.
371, and was coldly and superciliously received by
the king. If, considering the general looseness of
statement which pervades this portion of Plutarch,
it were allowable to set the date of this mission
after the invasion of 369, we might possibly connect with it the attempt at pacification on the side
of Persia in 368. (Hell. vii. 1. ~ 27; Diod. xv. 70.)
This would seem indeed to be inconsistent with
Plutarch's account of the treatment of Antalcidas
by Artaxerxes; but that might perhaps be no
overwhelming objection to our hypothesis. (See,
however, Thirlwall, vol. v. p. 123, and note.) If
the embassy in question took place immediately
after the battle of Leuctra, the anecdote (Ages.
613, e.) of the ephoralty of Antalcidas in 369 of
course refutes what Plutarch (Artax. 1022, d.)
would have us infer, that Antalcidas was driven to
suicide by his failure in Persia and the ridicule of
his enemies. But such a story is on other grounds
intrinsically improbable, and savours much of the
period at which Plutarch wrote, when the conduct
of some later Romans, miscalled Stoics, had served
to give suicide the character of a fashionable resource in cases of distress and perplexity. [E. E.]
ANTANDER ( Avrav8pos), brother of Agathocles, king of Syracuse, was a commander of the
troops sent by the Syracusans to the relief of Cro
tona when besieged by the Brutii in n. c. 317.
During his brother's absence in Africa (B. c. 310),
he was left together with Erymnon in command of
Syracuse, and wished to surrender it to Hamilcar.
He appears, however, to have still retained, or at
[east regained, the confidence of Agathocles, for he
is mentioned afterwards as the instrument of his