A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ANDOCIDES. ANDOCIDES. 169
mutilated the IIermae. It appeared the more Thirty by Thrasybulus, when the gneral amnesty
likely that Andocides was an accomplice in the then proclaimed made him hope that its benefit
latter of these crimes, which was believed to be a would be extended to him also. He himself says
preliminary step towards overthrowing the demo- (de Myst. ~ 132), that he returned to Athens from
cratical constitution, since the Hermes standing Cyprus, from which we may infer, that although
close to his house in the phyle Aegeis was among he was settled in Elis, he had gone from thence to
the very few which had not been injured. (Plut. Cyprus for commercial or other purposes; for it
11. cc.; Nepos, Alcib. 3; Sluiter, Lee. A ndoc. c. 3.) appears that he had become reconciled to the
Andocides was accordingly seized and thrown into princes of that island, as he had great influence
prison, but after some time recovered his liberty and considerable landed property there. (De Red.
by a promise that he would reveal the names of ~ 20, De lMyst. ~ 4.) In consequence of the gethe real perpetrators of the crime; and on the sug- neral amnesty, he was allowed to remain at Athens,
gestion of one Charmides or Timaeus (de Myst. enjoyed peace for the next three years, and soon
~ 48; Plut. Alcib. 1. c.), he mentioned four, all of recovered an influential position. According to
whom were put to death. He is said to have also Lysias (c. Andoc. ~ 33, comp. ~ 11), it was scarcely
denounced his own father, but to have rescued ten days after his return that he brought an accuhim again in the hour of danger. But as Ando- sation against Archippus or Aristippus, which,
cides was unable to clear himself from the charge, however, he dropped on receiving a sum of money.
he was deprived of his rights as a citizen, and left During this period Andocides became a member
Athens. (De Red. ~ 25.) He now travelled about of the senate, in which he appears to have posin various parts of Greece, and was chiefly engaged sessed great influence, as well as in the popular
in commercial enterprises and in forming con- assembly. He was gymnasiarch at the Hephaenexions with powerful and illustrious persons. (De staea, was sent as architheorus to the Isthmian.lMyst. ~ 137; Lys. c. Andoc. ~ 6.) The means he and Olympic games, and was at last even enemployed to gain the friendship of powerful men trusted with the office of keeper of the sacred
were sometimes of the most disreputable kind; treasury. But these distinctions appear to have
among which a service he rendered to a prince in excited the envy and hatred of his former eneCyprus is particularly mentioned. (Comp. Plut. I.c.; mies; for in the year n. c. 400, Callias, supported
Phot. Bibl. p. 488, ed. Bekker; Tzetz. Chil. vi. by Cephisius, Agyrrhius, Meletus, and Epichares,
373, &c.) In B. c. 411, Andocides returned to urged the necessity of preventing Andocides from
Athens on the establishment of the oligarchical attending the assembly, as he had never been
government of the Four Hundred, hoping that a formally freed from the civil disfranchisement.
certain service he had rendered the Athenian ships But as Callias had but little hope in this case, he
at Samos would secure him a welcome reception. brought against him the charge of having profaned
(De Red. ~~ 11, 12.) But no sooner were the the mysteries and violated the laws respecting the
oligarchs informed of the return of Andocides, than temple at Eleusis. (De Myst. ~ 110, &c.) The
their leader Peisander had him seized, and accused orator pleaded his case in the oration still extant,
him of having supported the party opposed to them "on the Mysteries" (Tr-p' rTv ouvo-rLTplwvv), and was
at Samos. During his trial, Andocides, who per- acquitted. After this attempt to crush him, he
ceived the exasperation prevailing against him, again enjoyed peace and occupied his former posileaped to the altar which stood in the court, and tion in the republic for upwards of six years, at the
there assumed the attitude of a suppliant. This end of which, in B c. 394, he was sent as ambassaved his life, but he was imprisoned. Soon after- sador to Sparta respecting the peace to be conwards, however, he was set free, or escaped from cluded in consequence of Conon's victory off Cniprison. (De Red. ~ 15; Plut. 1. c.; Lysias. c. An- dus. On his return he was accused of illegal condoc. ~ 29.) duct during his embassy (7rapaTrpeceeias). The
Andocides now went to Cyprus, where for a speech " On the peace with Lacedaemon" (Trepl His
time he enjoyed the friendship of Evagoras; but, rpos AaKea.aaoUtovs elps'vrs), which is still extant,
by some circumstance or other, he exasperated his refers to this affair. It was spoken in B. c. 393.
friend, and was consigned to prison. Here again (Clinton places it in 391.) Andocides was found
he escaped, and after the victory of the democra- guilty, and sent into exile for the fourth time. He
tical party at Athens and the abolition of the Four never returned afterwards, and seems to have
Iundred, he ventured once more to return to died soon after this blow.
Athens; but as he was still suffering under the Andocides appears to have left no issue, since at
sentence of civil disfranchisement, he endeavoured the age of seventy he had no children (de Myst.
)y means of bribes to persuade the prytanes to ~~ 146, 148), though the scholiast on Aristophanes
illow him to attend the assembly of the people. (Vesp. 1262) mentions Antiphon as a son of AnFhe latter, however, expelled him from the city. decides. This was probably owing to his wanderLys. c. Andoo. ~ 29.) It was on this occasion, ing and unsteady life, as well as to his dissolute
3. c. 411, that Andocides delivered the speech still character. (De Myst. ~ 100.) The large fortune
xtant "on his Return" (repl -rs deavrou KaBOdov), which he had inherited from his father, or acquired
n which he petitioned for permission to reside at in his commercial undertakings, was greatly dimithens, but in vain. In this his third exile, An- nished in the latter years of his life. (De Myst.
ocides went to reside in Elis (Plut. Vit. X. Orat. ~ 144; Lys. c. Andoc. ~ 31.) Andocides has no,. 835, a.; Phot. 1. c.), and during the time of his claims to the esteem of posterity, either as a man
bsence from his native city, his house there was or as a citizen. Besides the three orations already
ccupied by Cleophon, a manufacturer of lyres, mentioned, which are undoubtedly genuine, there
iho had placed himself at the head of the demo- is a fourth against Alcibiades (KcTa 'AhAsuciCov),
ratical party. (De Myst. ~ 146.) said to have been delivered by Andocides in B. c.
Andocides remained in exile till the year B. c. 415; but it is in all probability spurious, though
03, after the overthrow of the tyranny of the it appears to contain genuine historical matter,