A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

AMPHIDAMAS.
avmp'v, Athen. xiii. p. 576; Diog. Laert. ii. 101),
is uncertain. [L. S.],
AMPHI'CRATES, a Greek sculptor, probably
of Athens, since he was the maker of a statue
which the Athenians erected in honour of a courtezan, who having learnt from Harmodius and
Aristogeiton their conspiracy against Hippias and
Hipparchus, was tortured to death by the tyrants,
without disclosing the secret. Her name was
Leana (a lioness): and the Athenians, unwilling
openly to honour a courtezan, had the statue made
in the form of a lioness; and, to point out the act
which it was meant to commemorate, the animal's
tongue was omitted. We know nothing of the
sculptor's age, unless we may infer from the narrative that the statue was made soon after the expulsion of the Peisistratidae. (B. c. 510.) In the
passage of Pliny, which is our sole authority
(xxxiv. 19. ~ 12), there is a manifest corruption of
the text, and the reading A mphicratis is only a
conjecture, though a most probable one, by Sillig.
(Catalogus Artficzunz, s. v.) [P. S.]
AMPHICTYON ('Ap4PKriUw), a son of Deucalion and Pyrrha (Apollod. i. 7. ~ 2), or according
to others an autochthon, who after having married
CranaO,-the daughter of Cranaus, king of Attica,
expelled his father-in-law from his kingdom and
usurped his throne. He ruled for twelve years,
and was then in turn expelled by Erichthonius.
(Apollod. iii. 14. ~ 5, &c.; Paus. i. 2. ~ 5.) According to Eustathius (ad Hom. p. 277), he was
married to Chthonopatra, by whom he had a son,
Physcus, the father of Locrus. According to
Stephanus Byzantius (s. v. loitcos), however,
Aetolus was a son and Physcus a grandson of
Amphictyon. He was believed to have been the
first who introduced the custom of mixing wine
with water, and to have dedicated two altars to
Dionysus Orthos and the nymphs. (Eustath. ad
Ionm. p. 1815.) Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv.
25), who calls him a son of Hellen, Pausanias (x.
8. ~ 1), and others, regard Amphictyon as the
founder of the amphictyony of Thermopylae, and
in consequence of this belief a sanctuary of Amphictyon was built in the village of Anthela on
the Asopus, which was the most ancient place of
meeting of this amphictyony. (Herod. vii. 200.)
But this belief is without any foundation, and
arose from the ancients assigning the establishment
of their institutions to some mythical hero. (Dict.
of Ant. s. v. Amphyctions.) [L. S.]
AMPHIICTY'ONIS ('AwpmKrcvovis), a surname
of Demeter, derived from Anthela, where she was
worshipped under this name, because it was the
place of meeting for the amphictyons of Thermopylae, and because sacrifices were offered to her at
the opening of every meeting. (Herod. vii. 200;
Strab. ix. p. 429.) [L. S.]
AMPH1'DAMAS ('AArPLdUias). 1. A son of
Lycurgus and Cleophile, and father of Antimache,
who married Eurystheus. (Apollod. iii. 9. ~ 2.)
According to Pausanias (viii. 4. ~ 6) and Apollonius Rhodius (i. 163) he was a son of Aleus, and
consequently a brother of Lycurgus, Cepheus, and
Auge, and took part in the expedition of the
Argonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 14.)
2. A king of Chalcis in Euboea, after whose
death his sons celebrated funeral games, in which
Hesiod won the prize in a poetical contest. It
consisted of a golden tripod, which lie dedicated
to thile Muses of Helicon. (Hoes. Op. el D. 654, &c.).AMPIILOCHUS. 149
3. The father of Clysonymus, whom Patroclus
killed when yet a child. (Hom. II. xxiii. 87;
Apollod. iii. 13. ~ 8.) Other mythical personages
of this name occur in Apollod. ii. 5. ~ 11; IHygin.
Fab. 14; Hom. II. x. 266, &c. [L. S.]
AMPHI'DAMAS or AMPHI'DAMUS ('AAtsMidas, 'AiPpl6aaos), general of the Eleans in
B. c. 218, was taken prisoner by Philip, king of
Macedonia, and carried to Olympia, but was set at
liberty on his undertaking to bring over his countrymen to Philip's side. But not succeeding in
his attempt, he went back to Philip, and is spoken
of as defending Aratus against the charges of
Apelles. (Polyb. iv. 75, 84, 86.)
AMPHIDICUS ('Ag uio;cos), a Theban who,
in the war of the Seven against his native city,
slew Parthenopaeus. (Apollod. iii. 6. ~ 8.) According to Euripides (Phoen. 1156), however, it
was Periclymenus who killed Parthenopaeus.
Pausanias (ix, 18. ~ 4) calls him Asphodicus,
whence some critics wish to introduce the same
name in Apollodorus. [L. S.]
AMPHI'ETES or AMPHIE'TERUS ('Apt(sIE6rs), a surname of Dionysus. (Orph. 11Hymn.
52. 1, 51. 10.) It is believed that at Athens,
where the Dionysiac festivals were held annually,
the name signified yearly, while at Thebes, where
they were celebrated every third year, it was interpretated to be synonymous with 7rptM's. [L.S.1
AMPHIGYEEIS ('AmIyvies), lame or limping on both feet, a surname of Hephaestus, given
him because Zeus threw him from Olympus upon
the earth for having wished to support Ilera.
(Hom. II. i. 599; comp. Apollod. i. 3. ~ 5.)
[HEPHAESTUS.] [L. S.]
AMPHI'LOCHUS ('A14'XAoXos), a son of
Amphiaraus and Eriphyle, and brother of Alcmaeon. (Apollod. iii. 7. ~ 2; Hom. Od. xv. 248.)
When his father went against Thebes, Amphilochus was, according to Pausanias (v. 17. ~ 4),
yet an infant, although ten years afterwards lie is
mentioned as one of the Epigoni, and according to
some traditions assisted his brother in the murder
of his mother. [ALCMAEON.] He is also mentioned among the suitors of Helen, and as having
taken part in the Trojan war. On the return
from this expedition he together with Mopsus,
who was like himself a seer, founded the town of
Mallos in Cilicia. Hence he proceeded to his
native place, Argos. But as he was not satisfied
with the state of affairs there, lie returned to
Mallos. When Mopsus refused to allow him any
share in the government of their common colony,
the two seers fought a single combat in which both
were killed. This combat was described by some
as having arisen out of a dispute about their prophetic powers. Their tombs, which were placed
in such a manner that the one could not be seen
from the other, existed as late as the time of
Strabo, near mount Margasa, not far from Pyramus. (Strab. xiv. p. 675; Lycophron, 439, with
the Schol.) According to other traditions (Strab.
xiv. p. 642), Amphilochus and Calchas, on their
return from Troy, went on foot to the celebrated
grove of the Clarian Apollo near Colophon. In
some accounts he was said to have been killed by
Apollo. (Hes. ap. Strab. xiv. p. 676.) According
to Thucydides (ii. 68) Amphilochus returned from
Troy to Argos, but being dissatisfied there, he
emigrated and founded Argos Amphilochium on
the Ambracian gulf. Other accounts, however,