A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

AMMONAS.
as the author of all life in nature. (Comp. Pint. deo
Is. et Os. 9, 21.) The new Platonists perceived
in Ammon their demiurgos, that is, the creator and
preserver of the world. As this subject belongs
more especially to the mythology of Egypt, we
cannot here enter into a detailed discussion about
the nature and character which the later Greeks
assigned to him, or his connexion with Dionysus
and Heracles. Respecting these points and the
various opinions of modern critics, as well as the
ditferent representations of Ammon still extant,
the reader may consult Jablonsky, Pantheon Aegypt.;
Bohlen, Das alte Indien, mit besonderer Riicksicht
auf E gp/ten, ii. c. 2. ~ 9; J. C. Prichard, Egyptian
lyhkoology; J. F. Champollion, Pantheon Egyptien,
oil Colection des Personages de l'ancienne Eggypte, 4c.,
Paris, 1823.
The worship of Ammon was introduced into
Greece at an early period, probably through the
medium of the Greek colony in Cyrene, which
must have formed a connexion with the great oracle of Anmmon in the Oasis soon after its establishment. Ammon had a temple and a statue, the
gift of Pindar, at Thebes (Paus. ix. 16. ~ 1), and
another at Sparta, the inhabitants of which, as
Pausanias (iii. 18. ~ 2) says, consulted the oracle
of Ammon in Libya from early times more than
the other Greeks. At Aphytis, Ammon was worshipped, from the time of Lysander, as zealously as
in Ammonium. Pindar the poet honoured the god
with a hymn. At Megalopolis the god was represented with the head of a ram (Paus. viii. 32. ~ 1),
and the Greeks of Cyrenaica dedicated at Delphi a
chariot with a statue of Ammon. (x. 13. ~ 3.) The
homage which Alexander paid to the god in the
Oasis is well known. [L. S.]
AMMON ("Appwv), a geometrician, who made
a measurement of the walls. of Rome, about the
tiume of the first invasion of the Goths, and found
them to be 21 miles in circuit. (Olympiodorus,
ap. Phot. Cod. 80, p. 63, ed. Bekker.) [P. S.]
AMMON (CAypwv). 1. Bishop of Hadrianople,
A. D. 400, wrote (in Greek) On the Resusrrection
against Origenism (not extant). A fragment of
Ammon, from this work possibly, may be found ap.
S. Cyril. Alex. Lib. de 1ecta Fide. (Vol. v. pt; 2, ad
fin. p. 50, ed. Paris. 1638.) He was present at
the Council of Constantinople A. D. 394, held on
occasion of the dedication of Rufinus's church,
near Chalcedon. (Soz. [list. Eccl. viii. 8. 3; Mansi,
Concilia. vol. iii. p. 851.)
2. Bishop of Elearchia, in the Thebaide, in
the 4th and 5th centuries. To him is addressed
the Canonical Epistle of Theophilus of Alexandria,
ap. Synodicon Beveregii, vol. i. pt. 1, p. 170. Papebrochius has published in a Latin version his
Epistle to Theophilus, De Vita et Conversatione
SS. Paclhomii et Theodori (ap. Bolland. Acta Sanc-e
torusm, vol. xiv. p. 347, &c.). It contains an
Epistle of St. Antony. [A. J. C.]
AMMONAS ('A adwvas) or AMOUN ('Apoe ),
founder of one of the most celebrated monastic
communities in Egypt. Obliged by his relations
to marry, he persuaded his bride to perpetual continence (Sozom. Hist. Eccl. i. 14) by the authority
)f St. Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians. (Socr.
flisi. Eccl. iv. 23.) They lived together thus for
18 years, when at her wish, for greater perfection,
'hey parted, and he retired to Scetis and Mt.
Nitria, to the south of Lake Mareotis, where he
ived 22 years, visiting his sister-wife twice in the

AMMONIUS. 145
year. (Ibid. and Pallad. Hist. Laus. c. 7; Ruffin.
Fit.Pair. c. 29.) He died before St. Antony (from
whom there is an epistle to him, S. Athan. Opp. vol.
i. pt. 2, p. 959, ed. Bened.), i. e. before A. D. 365,
for the latter asserted that he beheld the soul of
Amoun borne by angels to heaven ( Vit. S Asntonii ia
S. Athanas. ~ 60), and as St. Athanasius's history
of St. Antony preserves the order of time, he died
perhaps about A. D. 320. There are -eventeen or
nineteen RuIes of Asceticism, (KcpdhAam) ascribld ta
him; the Greek original exists in MS. (Lambeciusi
Biblioth. Vindol. lib. iv. cod. 156, No. 6); they are
published in the Latin version of Gerhard Vossius
in the Biblioth. PP. Ascetica, vol. ii. p. 484, Paris.
1661. Tewenty-twro Ascetic Institutions of the same
Amoun, or one bearing the same name, exist also
in MS. (Lamibec. 1. Cod. 155, No. 2.) [A. J. C.]
AMMO'NIA ('Acpnla), a surname of Hera,
under which she was worshipped in Elis. The
inhabitants of Elis bad fromn the earliest times
been in the habit of consulting the oracle of Zeus
Ammon in Libya. (Paus. v. 15. ~ 7.) [L. S.]
AMMONIA'NUS ('Auwvtoavo's), a Greek
grammarian, who lived in the fifth century after
Christ. He was a relation and a friend of the philosopher Syrianus, and devoted his attention to
the study of the Greek poets. It is recorded of
him that he had an ass, which became so fond of
poetry from listening to its master, that it neglected its food. (Damascius, alp. Plot. p. 339, a., ed.
Bekker; Suid. s. v. 'ApyiwvrJvi's and 'Ovos xv'pas.)
AMMO'NIUS, a favourite of ALEXANDERI
Balas, king of Syria, to whom Alexander entrusted the entire management of public affairs. Ammonius was avaricious and cruel; he put to death
numerous friends of the king, the queen Laodice,
and Antigonus, the son of Demetrius. Being detected in plotting against the life of Ptolemy Philometor, about B. c. 147, the latter required
Alexander to surrender Ammnionius to him; but
though Alexander refused to do this, Ammonius
was put to death by the inhabitants of Antioch,
whom Ptolemy had induced to espouse his cause.
(Liv. Epit. 50; Joseph. Ant. xiii. 4. ~ 5; Diod.
Erc. 29, p. 628, ed. Wess.)
AMMO'NIUS ('Aj1ciuvnos) of ALEXANDRIA,
the son of Ammonius, was a pupil of Alexander,
and one of the chief teachers in the griammatical
school founded by Aristarchus. (Suid. s. v. 'A,uPdvios.) He wrote commentaries upon Homer,
Pindar, and Aristophanes, none of which are extant. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. v. p. 712; Matter,
Essais historiques sur Vi ecole d'Alexandre, i. pp.
179, 233.)
AMMO'NIUS ('Aaucvitos), of ALEXANDRIA,
Presbyter and Oeconomus of the Church in that
city, and an Egyptian by birth, A. D. 458. Ile
subscribed the Epistle sent by the clergy of Egypt
to the emperor Loo, in behalf of the Council of
Chalcedon. (Concilia, ed. Labbei, vol. iv. p. 387,
b.) He wrote (in Greek) Ont the Dtference
bet/ceen Nature and Persoen, against the Monophysite heresy of Eutyches and Dioscorus (snot
extant); an Expositions of the Book of Acts (ap.
Catena Grace. Patr. in Act. SS. Apostolorunm, 8vo.,
Oxon. 1838, ed. Cramer); a Commentasy on
the PsIalms (used by Nicetas in his Catena; see
Cod. 189, Biblioth. Coislin., ed. Mont/auc. p.
244); On the HeNoaEimseron (no remains); On St.
Johsb's Gospel, which exists in the Catena Grasecorsms Peatrum in S. Joas. ed. Corderi, foL,