A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1090 DUILIA.
faithful historian, grave, judicious, prudent, and
impartial, and his account of the causes of the ruin
of the Greek empire is full of sagacity and wisdom. Ducas, Chalcondylas, and Phranza, are
the chief sources for the last period of the Greek
empire; but Ducas surpasses both of them by his
clear narrative and the logical arrangement of his
matters. He was less learned than Chalcondylas,
but, on the other hand, he was without doubt
thoroughly acquainted with the Turkish language,
no small advantage for a man who wrote the history of that time. The editio princeps of the work
is by Bulliaud (Bullialdus), " Historia Byzantina
a Joanne Palaeologo I. ad Mehemetem II. Accessit Chronicon breva (XpovudYv adverotor), etc.
Versione Latina et Notis ab Ismael Bullialdo,"
Paris, 1649, foL, reprinted atVenice, 1729, fol. It
has been also edited by Immanuel Bekker, Bonn,
1834, 8vo. Bekker perused the same Parisian
codex as Bulliaud, but he was enabled to correct
many errors by an Italian MS., being an Italian
translation of Ducas, with a continuation in the
same language, which was found about twenty
years ago by Leopold Ranke in one of the libraries
at Venice. This MS. was first published by
Mustodoxi in the 19th volume of the "Antologia."
It also forms a valuable addition to the edition of
Bekker. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. viii. pp. 33, 34;
Hankins, Script. Byzant. pp. 640-644; Hammer,
Geschichle des Osman. Reiches, vol. ii. p. 69, not. b.
p. 72.) [W. P.]
DUCE'NNIUS GE'MIINUS. [GEMINUs.]
DUCE'TIUS (AoviErtio), a chief of the Sicelians, or Sicels, the native tribes in the interior of
Sicily. He is styled king of the Sicelians by Diodorus (xi. 78), and is said to have been of illustrious descent. After the expulsion of the family
of Gelon from Syracuse (B. c. 466), Ducetius succeeded in uniting all the Sicelians of the interior
into one nation, and in order to give them a common centre founded the city of Palice in the plain
below Menaenum. (Diod. xi. 88.) He had previously made war on the Catanaeans, and expelled
from that city the new colonists who had been
sent there by Hiero, who thereupon took possession of Inessa, the name of which they changed to
Aetna; but Ducetius subsequently reduced this
city also. (Diod. xi. 76, 91.) An attack upon a
small place in the territory of Agrigentum involved
him in hostilities not only with the Agrigentines,
but the Syracusans also, who defeated him in a
great battle. The consequence of this was that he
was deserted by all his followers, and fearing to
be betrayed into the hands of the enemy, he took
the daring resolution of repairing at once to Syracuse as a suppliant, and placing himself at their
mercy. The Syracusans spared his life, but sent
him into an honourable exile at Corinth. (Diod.
xi. 91, 92.) Here however he did not remain
long, but having assembled a considerable band of
colonists, returned to Sicily, and founded the city
of Calacte on the north coast of the island. He
was designing again to assert his supremacy over
all the Sicelian tribes when his projects were interrupted by his death, about 440, B. c. (Diod.
xii. 8, 29; Wesseling, ad loc.) [E. H. B.]
DUI'LIA or DUILLIA GENS, plebeian.
The plebeian character of this gens is attested by
the fact of M. Duilius being tribune of the plebs
in B. c. 471, and further by the statement of Dionysius (x. 58), who expressly says, that the de

DUILIUS.
cemvir K. Duilius and two of his colleagues were
plebeians. In Livy (iv. 3) we indeed read, that
all the decemvirs had been patricians; but this
must be regarded as a mere hasty assertion which
Livy puts into the mouth of the tribune Canuleius,
for Livy himself in another passage (v. 13) expressly states, that C. Duilius, the military tribune,
was a plebeian. The only cognomen that occurs
in this gens is LONGUS. [L. S.]
DUILIUS. 1. M. DUILIUS, was tribune of
the plebs in B. c. 471, in which year the tribunes
were for the first time elected in the comitia of the
tribes. In the year following, M. Duilius and his
colleague, C. Sicinus, summoned Appius Claudius
Sabinus, the consul of the year previous, before the
assembly of the people, for the violent opposition
he made to the agrarian law of Sp. Cassius. [CLAUDIus, No. 2.) Twenty-two years later, B. c. 449,
when the commonalty rose against the tyranny of
the decemvirs, he acted as one of the champions of
his order, and it was on his advice that the plebeians
migrated from the Aventine to the Mons Sacer.
When the decemvirs at length were obliged to resign,
and the commonalty had returned to the Aventine,
M. Duilius and C. Sicinus were invested with the
tribuneship a second time, and Duilius immediately
proposed and carried a rogation, that consuls should
be elected, from whose sentence an appeal to the
people should be left open. He then carried a
plebiscitum, that whoever should leave the plebs
without its tribunes, or create any magistrate without leaving an appeal to the people open against
his verdicts, should be scourged and put to death.
M. Duilius was a noble and high-minded champion
of his order, and acted throughout that turbulent
period with a high degree of moderation and
wisdom. He kept the commonalty as well as his
more vehement colleagues within proper bounds,
for after sentence had been passed on the decemvirs,
and when the tribunes appeared to wish to carry
their revenge still further, Duilius declared that
there had been enough punishment and hostility,
and that, in the course of that year, lie would not
allow any fresh accusation to be brought forward,
nor any person to be thrown into prison. This
declaration at once allayed the fears of the patricians. When the tribunes for the next year were
to be elected, the colleagues of Duilius agreed
among themselves to continue in office for another
year; but Duilius, who happened to preside at the
election, refused to accept any votes for the reelection of his colleagues. They were obliged to
submit to the law, and M. Duilius resigned his
office and withdrew. (Liv. ii. 58, 61, iii. 52-54,
59, 64; Diod. xi. 68; Dionys. xi. 46; Cic. de
Re Publ. ii. 31.)
S2. K. DUILIUS, was elected together with two
other plebeians as decemvir for the year B. c. 450,
and as in that year a war broke out with the
Aequians and Sabines, K. Duilius and four of his
colleagues were sent to Mount Algidus against the
Aequians. After the abolition of the decemvirate,
and when some of the decemvirs had been punished, Duilius escaped from sharing their fate by
going into voluntary exile, whereupon his property,
like that of the others who withdrew from Rome,
was publicly sold by the quaestors. (Liv. iii. 35.
41, 58; Dionys. x. 58, xi. 23, 46.)
3. K. DUILIUS, was consul in B. c. 336, and
two years later triumvir fcr the purpose of conducting a colony to Cales, a town of the Ausonians