A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DIPHILUS.
The epigrams under the name of Diotimus were inclhded in the Garland of Meleager. (Jacobs, xiii.
888.) [P. S.]
DIOTI'MUS (ALori-Los), a physician of Thebes,
whose absurd and superstitious remedies are quoted
by Pliny (H. N. xxviii. 23), and who must, therefore, have lived in or before the first century after
Christ. [W. A. G.]
DIOTO'GENES (Atoro0eiVs), a Pythagorean
philosopher, who wrote a work 7rep'l o'CtOroS, of
which three fragments are preserved in Stobaeus
(tit. v. 69, xliii. 95, 130), and another 7repi 3aeiAse'a, of which two considerable fragments are
likewise extant in Stobaeus (xlviii. 61, 62). [L.S.]
DIO'TREPHES (Aitopiaps, Thucyd. viii. 64),
was sent, B. c. 411, by the oligarchical revolutionists
in the Athenian army at Samos, to take charge of
the subject states in the neighbourhood of Thrace,
and took the first step in pursuance of their policy
towards the allies by establishing oligarchy at
Thasos. Nicostratas, the general who fell at Mantineia, was son of a Diotrephes (Thuc. iv. 119):
this therefore perhaps was a Diotrephes, son of
Nicostratus. If so, it is an additional reason for
thinking him distinct from Diitrephes, the destroyer
of Mycalessus. [DIITREPHES.] [A. H. C.]
DIO'TREPHES (Awirpipis), a rhetorician of
high repute in his day (roepq-Ts)s 'voeoos), born at
Antioch on the Maeander. Hybreas, who was
contemporary with Strabo, was his pupil. (Strab.
xiii. p. 630, xiv. p. 659.) [E. E.]
DIOXIPPE, (AmiTLrr,) the name of four mythological beings. (Hygin. Praef., Fab. 154, 163,
181; Apollod. ii. 2. ~ 5.) [L. S.]
DIOXIPPUS (AtU(t4Tnros), an Athenian comic
poet of the new comedy (Suid. s. v.), wrongly
called Dexippus in another passage of Suidas, (s. v.
KwpuKa'os) and by Eudocia (p. 132). Suidas and
Eudocia mention his AvnLropvo~oa'd!s, of which a
line and a half are preserved by Athenaeus (iii.
p. 100, e.), 'Io-r-opioypdos (Ath. 1. c.), which
Vossius conjectures was intended to ridicule the
fabulous Greek historians (de Hist. Graec. pp. 433,
434, ed. Westermann), Ana&mKano5/evom, of which
nothing remains, and TLXdpyvpos. (Ath. ix. p. 472,
b., xi. pp. 496, f., 502, d.) To these must be
added, from Suidas and Photius (s. v. Kwpvicuaos),
the O~qeaupdos. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. i.
p. 485, iv. pp. 541-543.) [P. S.]
DIOXIPPUS, physician. [DEXIPPUS.]
DIPHILUS (AitlAoy), commanded the thirtythree Athenian ships which, at the time of the
passage of the second armament to Sicily, were
posted at Naupactus to prevent, if possible, the
transport of reinforcements to the Syracusans.
He was attacked near Erineus by a squadron,
chiefly Corinthian, of slightly inferior numbers;
and though the victory, in a technical sense, was,
if anywhere, on his side, yet he sank but three of
the enemy's ships, and had six of his own disabled; and that Phormio's countrymen should, in
the scene of his achievements, effect no more, was,
as was felt by both parties, a severe moral defeat.
(Thuc. vii. 34.) [A. H. C.]
DI'PHILUS (Aigpikos). 1. The author of a
poem entitled O~ve77t, and of scurrilous poems in
choliambics. (Schol. Pind. Olymp. x. 83; Schol.
Aristoph. Nub. 96.) From the latter passage it appears that he lived before Eupolis and Aristophanes.
(Meineke, Hist. Grit. Com. Graec. pp. 448, 449;
Vossius, de Hilst. Graec. p. 434, ed. Westermann.)

DIPHILUS. 1055
2. One of the principal Athenian comic poets of
the new comedy, and a contemporary of Menander
and Philemon, was a native of Sinope. (Strab. xii.
p. 546; Anon. de Comn. pp. xxx. xxxi.) He was
a lover of the courtezan Gnathaena, and seems
sometimes to have attacked her in his comedies,
when under the influence of jealousy. (Machon
and Lynceus Samius, ap. Athen. xiii. pp. 579, f.,
580, a., 583, f.) He was not, however, perfectly
constant. (Alciph. Ep. i. 37.) He is said to have
exhibited a hundred plays (Anon. 1. c.), and sometimes to have acted himself. (Athen. xiii. p. 583, f.)
Though, in point of time, Diphilus belonged to
the new comedy, his poetry seems to have had
more of the character of the middle. This is
shewn, among other indications, by the frequency
with which he chooses mythological subjects for
his plays, and by his bringing on the stage the
poets Archilochus, Hipponax, and Sappho. (Ath.
xi. p. 487, a., xiii. p. 599, d.) His language is
simple and elegant, but it contains many departures from Attic purity. Respecting his metres,
see Meineke. (Hist. Crit. pp. 443, 444, 448.)
The following are the plays of Diphilus, of
which we have fragments or titles: "Ayyvota (Ath.
ix. p. 401, a., xv. p. 700, d.), which was also ascribed to CALLIADES: 'ASexqpoi (Ath. xi. p. 499,
d. e.; Poll. x. 72; Stob. Flor. cviii. 9): 'ANeihrxpia (Etym. Mag. p. 61, 10), which was also the
title of a play of Antiphanes, by others ascribed to
Alexis: "Apnearps (Suid. s.v. 'A,vanias): Alpr7roTEL'IS, of which there was a second edition by
Callimachus under the title of E'voi3Xos or 2-rpaTiWT-rs (Ath. xi. p. 496, e., xv. 700, e.; Antiatticista, pp. 95. 17, 100. 31, 101. 29): the principal
character in this play seems to have been such as
Pyrgopolinices in the Miles Gloriosus of Plautus,
which was perhaps taken from the play of Diphilus:
'Avdyvpos (Schol. Ven. ad II. i'. 123; corrupted in
Etym. Magn. p. 744. 48, and Eustath. p. 740.20):
'Ava-'woeo,eoi (Ath. xi. p. 499, c.; Antiatt. p. 84.
25): "Asrao-ros (Ath. ix. p. 370, e.): 'Asroedrs?,
(Harpocrat. p. 41. 3; Antiatt. p. 101. 10): 'AxroAtroeo-a, also ascribed to Sosippus, whose name is
otherwise unknown (Ath. iv. pp. 132, e., 133, f.;
Poll. x. 12): Baaeslov (Ath. x. p. 446, d.; Antiatt.
p. 108. 32): Botirtos (Athli. x. p. 417, e.): rdaos
(Ath. vi. p. 254, e.; and perhaps in Diog. Laert.
ii. 120, AzpSAou should be substituted for wcqi5LAovi;
see Menagius, ad loc. and Meineke, Hist. Grit. pp.
425, 426): Aava'les (Erot. gloss. Harpoc. p. 116):
Alanap'rdvovo'a (Ath. iii. p. 111, e.): 'EycaXovvrTss
(Antiatt. p. 110. 18): 'EicdrT (Ath. xiv. p. 645, a.;
and perhaps Poll. x. 72; see Meineke, p. 453):
'EAeP7jpopod,'res (Ath. vi. p. 223, a.). 'EAAe3opi0d1epop (Antiatt. p. 100. 12): "E^Ttropos (Ath. vi.
pp. 226, e., 227, e., vii. p. 316, f.; Etym. Mag.
p. 490. 40, a gap being supplied from the Cod.
Barocc. ap. Bekker, Anecd. p. 1445; Harpocrat.
p. 130. 22): 'Eveayiov-es (Ath. iv. p. 165, f.) or
'Evanyiorf-aTa (Schol. Aristoph. Eq. 960; Photius
and Suidas, s. v. wAos): 'Entmcano'ýzevos (Poll.
x. 137): 'ETrtposnIj, or more correctly 'ETrTpoTrevsS
(Antiatt. p. 69): 'ETrtc'Apos (Poll. x. 99): Zw-ypd os (Ath. vi. p. 230, f., vii. p. 291, f.; Stob.
Flor. cv. 5): 'HpacAMijs (Ath. x. p. 421, e.): "Hpws
(Ath. ix. p. 371, a.): O@ronavp6s (Stob. Flor. xii.
12): OmjorEs (Ath. vi. p. 262, a., x. p. 451, b.):
KMOapwdos (Poll. x. 38, 62): KA7posJeiuoI, of which
the Casina of Plautus is a translation (Prolog. 31):
Arvc(,la (Ath. vi. p. 307, f., comp. iv. p. 168, b.):