A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DIOPEITHES. DIOPHANES. 1049
crifices which were offered to him in the earliest the latter were supported, but not with arms in the
times, human sacrifices are also mentioned. (Paus. first instance, by Philip of Macedon, who, when
vii. 21. ~ 1; Porphyr. de Abstin. ii. 55.) Subse- the Athenians remonstrated, proposed that their
quently, however, this barbarous custom was sof- quarrel with Cardia should be referred to arbitratened down into a symbolic scourging, or animals tion. This proposal being indignantly rejected,
were substituted for men, as at Potniae. (Paus. viii. Philip sent troops to the assistance of the Cardians,
23. ~ 1, ix. 8.. 1.) The animal most commonly and Diopeithes retaliated by ravaging the maritime
sacrificed to Dionysus was a ram. (Virg. Georg. district of Thrace, which was subject to the Maceii. 380, 395; Ov.Fast. i. 357.) Among the things donians, while Philip was absent in the interior of
sacred to him, we may notice the vine, ivy, lau- the same country on his expedition against Teres
rel, and asphodel; the dolphin, serpent, tiger, lynx, and Cersobleptes. Philip sent a letter of remonpanther, and ass; but he hated the sight of an strance to Athens, and Diopeithes was arraigned
owl. (Paus. viii. 39. ~ 4; Theocrit. xxvi. 4; by the Macedonian party, not only for his aggresPlut. Sympos. iii. 5; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 87; Virg. sion on the king's territory, but also for the means
Eclog. v. 30; Hygin. Po't. Astr. ii. 23; Philostr. (unjust doubtless and violent, but common enough
Imag. ii. 17; Vit. Apollon. iii. 40.) The earliest with all Athenian generals at the time,) to which
images of the god were mere Hermae with the he resorted for the support of his mercenaries. He
phallus (Paus. ix. 12. ~ 3), or his head only was was defended by Demosthenes in the oration, still
represented. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1964.) In extant, on the Chersonese, B. c. 341, and the delater works of art he appears in four different fence was successful, for he was permitted to retain
forms: 1. As an infant handed over by Hermes to his command. After this, and probably during
his nurses, or fondled and played with by satyrs the war of Philip with Byzantium (B. c. 340),
and Bacchae. 2. As a manly god with a beard, Diopeithes again invaded the Macedonian territory
commonly called the Indian Bacchus. He there in Thrace, took the towns of Crobyle and Tiristasis
appears in the character of a wise and dignified and enslaved the inhabitants, and when an ambasoriental monarch; his features jare expressive of sador, named Amphilochus, came to negotiate for
sublime tranquillity and mildness; his beard is the release of the prisoners, he seized his person in
long and soft, and his Lydian robes (I3aa$r-dpa) defiance of all international law, and compelled him
are long and richly folded. His hair sometimes to pay nine talents for his ransom. (Arg. ad Dem.
floats down in locks, and is sometimes neatly wound de Cliers.; Dum. de Chers. passim; Phil. Ep. ad
around the head, and a diadem often adorns his At/i. pp. 159, 160, 161.) The enmity of Diopeiforehead. 3. The youthful or so-called Theban thes to Philip appears to have recommended him
Bacchus, was carried to ideal beauty by Praxiteles. to the favour of the king of Persia (Artaxerxes
The form of his body is manly and with strong III.), who, as we learn from Aristotle, sent him
outlines, but still approaches to the female form some valuable presents, which did not arrive, howby its softness and roundness. The expression of ever, till after his death. (Arist. Rhet. ii. 8. 11;
the countenance is languid, and shews a kind of comp. Phil. Ep. ad Ath. p. 160; Dem. Philipp. iii.
dreamy longing; the head, with a diadem, or a p. 129, in Ep. Phil. p. 153; Pseudo-Dem. Philipp.
wreath of vine or ivy, leans somewhat on one iv. p. 140; Diod. xvi. 75; Arr. Anab. ii. 14;
side; his attitude is never sublime, but easy, like Paus. i. 29.) [E. E.]
that of a man who is absorbed in sweet thoughts, DIO'PHANES (Atloadvs). 1. Of Mytilene,
or slightly intoxicated. He is often seen leaning one of the most distinguished Greek rhetoricians
on his companions, or riding on a panther, ass, of the time of the Gracchi. For reasons unknown
tiger, or lion. The finest statue of this kind is in to us, he was obliged to quit his native place, and
the villa Ludovisi. 4. Bacchus with horns, either went to Rome, where he instructed Tiberius Gracthose of a ram or of a bull. This representation chus, and became his intimate friend. After T.
occurs chiefly on coins, but never in statues. Gracchus had fallen a victim to the oligarchical
(Welcker, Zeitschrift, p. 500, &c.; Hirt. My/thol. faction, Diophanes and many other friends of
Bi'derb. i. p. 76, &c.) [L. S.] Gracchus were also put to death. (Cic. Brut. 27;
DIOPEITHES (Ato7rELs s). 1. A half-fanatic, Strab. xiii. p. 617; Plut. T. Gracci. 8, 20.) Anhalf-impostor, who made at Athens an apparently other much later rhetorician of the same name octhriving trade of oracles. He was much satirized curs in Porphyry's life of Plotinus.
by the comic poets, and may perhaps be identified 2. Is quoted as the author of a history of Ponwith the Locrian juggler mentioned in Athenaeus, tus, in several books. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod.
(i. p. 20, a.) If so, he must be distinguished from iii. 241; Eudoc. p. 31.) [L. S.]
the Diopeithes of whom we read in Suidas as the DIO'PHANES (Atoi<vis) a native of Nicaea,
author of a law which made it a capital offence for in Bithynia, in the first century B. c., who abridged
an inhabitant of the city to spend the night in the the agricultural work of Cassius Dionysius for the
Peiraeus, and who was brought to trial for an in- use of king Deiotarus. (Varr. De Re Rust. i. 1. 10;
voluntary breach of his own enactment. (Aristoph. Colum. De Re Rust. i. 1. 10; Plin. H. N. Index to
Eq. 1081, Vesp. 380, Av. 988; Schol. ad 11. cc.; lib. viii.) His work consisted of six books, and
Meineke, F'sag. Comn. Graec. i. p. 154, ii. pp. 364, was afterwards further abridged by Asinius Pollio.
583, 704; Suid. s. vv. ropyc'v, A07srdEs6Os,, EmTrr- (Suid. s. v. IwcAiwv,.) Diophanes is quoted several
asmg/a, 'fnidrO.) times in the Collection of Greek Writers, De Re
2. An Athenian general, father of the poet Rustica. [W. A. G.]
Menander, was sent out to the Thracian Cherso- DIO'PHANES MYRINAEUS, the author of
nesus about B. c. 344, at the head of a body of a worthless epigram in the Greek Anthology.
Athenian settlers or KX51poXoLi. (Dem. de Chers. (Brunck, Anal. ii. 259; Jacobs, ii. 236.) Jacobs
p. 91, PUlipp. iii. p. 114; Pseud.-Dem. desIaloonn. thinks, that he is a late writer, and ought not to
pp. 86, 87.) Disputes having arisen about their be identified with the Diophanes who is mentioned
boundaries between these settlers and the Cardians, by Cicero and Plutarch as the instructor of Tibe