A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1024 DIOGNETUS.
DIO'GENES, artists. 1. A painter of some
note, who lived in the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes. (Plin. xxxv. 11, s. 40. ~ 42.)
2. Of Athens, a sculptor, who decorated the
Pantheon of Agrippa with some Caryatids, which
were greatly admired, and with statues in the pediment, which were no less admirable, but which
were not so well seen, on account of their position.
It is very difficult to determine in what position
the Caryatids stood. Pliny says, " in columnis."
(Plin. xxxvi. 5, s. 4. ~ 11.) [P. S.]
DIOGENIA'NUS (Atoy/veavs's), a grammarian of Cyzicus, who is also called Diogenes
(Suid. s. v. Aioyeva?), whence some have ventured
upon the conjecture, that he is the same person as
Diogenes Laertius, which seems to be supported
by the fact, that Tzetzes (Chii. iii. 61) calls the
latter Diogenianus; but all is uncertain and mere
conjecture. Diogenianus of Cyzicus is called by
Suidas the author of works on the seven islands of
his native country, on the alphabet, on poetry, and
other subjects. It cannot be determined whether
the Diogenianus mentioned by Plutarch (Sympos.
viii. 1), or the one from whom Eusebius (Praep.
Evang. iv. 3; comp. Theodoret. Therap. x. p. 138)
quotes a fragment on the futility of oracles, is the
same as the grammarian of Cyzicus or not. (Bernhardy, ad Suid. i. p. 1378.) [L. S.1]
DIOGENIA'NUS (AA07ovavo0 or AtoiyEvzards)
of Heracleia on the Pontus, a distinguished grammarian, who flourished in the reign of Hadrian.
Suidas enumerates the following works of his:
1. AE'es irravro3arwaal Kard F ro-iXltxov, in five books,
being an abridgement of the Lexicon of Pamphilus.
[PAMPHILUS.] 2. An Anthology of epigrams,
"T.rv ZwrrUvpiteos E'r1Ptpacpgra'rw dvO'hxoyiov; and
several geographical works. Suidas is not certain
whether he was a native of the Pontic Heracleia,
or whether he was not the same person as the
physician Diogenianus of Heracleia Albace in Caria.
Nothing is known of the contents or arrangement
of his Anthology. His Lexicon seems to have
been much used by Suidas and Hesychius: and
indeed some suppose the Lexicon of Hesychius to
have been almost entirely taken from that of Diogenianus. A portion of it is still extant, containing
a collection of proverbs, under the title 1laioriial
1uco'seLis Km 7erjs AsoyVeIUav oev aywy1^s. The
work is in alphabetical order, and contains 775
proverbs. It was first printed by Schottus, with
the proverbs of Zenobius and Suidas, in his 7rapoixial 'EAXa-vlcatM, Antv. 1612, 4to. Better editions
have been published by Gaisford, in his Paroemiopraphi Graeci, Oxon. 1836, and by Leutsch and
Schneidewinn in their Corpus Paroemiogr. Grace.
There are passages in this work, which, unless
they are interpolations, would point to a later date
than that assigned by Suidas. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
v. p. 109; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vi. Proleg. p. xlvi.;
Leutsch and Schneid. Praef p. xxvii.) [P. S.]
DIOGENIA'NUS, FU'LVIUS, a consular
under Macrinus remarkable for his imprudent freedom of speech. The passage in Dion Cassius
which contained some particulars with regard to
this personage is extremely defective. He may
be the same with the Fulvius who was praefect of
the city when Elagabalus was slain, and who perished in the massacre which followed that event.
(Dion Cass. lxxviii. 36, lxxix. 21.) [W. R.]
DIOGNE'TUS (Ai-yvorros). 1. Admiral of Antiochus the Great, was commissioned, in u. c. '222,

DIOMEDES.
to convey to Seleuceia, on the Tigris, Laodice, the
intended wife of Antiochus and daughter of Mithridates IV., king of Pontus. (Polyb. v. 43; comp.
Clinton, F. H. iii. pp. 315, 424.) He commanded
the fleet of Antiochus in his war with Ptolemy IV.
(Philopator) for the possession of Coele-Syria, aid
did him good and effectual service. (Polyb. v. 59
60, 62, 68-70.)
2. A general of the Erythrean forces which aided
Miletus in a war with the Naxians. Being entrusted
with the command of a fort for the annoyance of
Naxos, he fell in love with Polycrita, a Naxian prisoner, and married her. Through her means the
Naxians became masters of the fort in qyuestion. At
the capture of it she saved her husband's life, but
died herself of joy at the honours heaped on her by
her countrymen. There are other editions of the
story, varying slightly in the details. (Plut. de
Mal. Virt. s. v. lohv0Apir'l; Polyaen. viii. 36;
Parthen. Erot. 9.)
3. A man who measured distances in his marches
for Alexander the Great, and wrote a work on the
subject. He is mentioned by Pliny in conjunction
with BAETON. (Plin. H. N. vi. 17.) [E. E.]
DIOGNE'TUS, artists. 1. An engineer, who
aided the Rhodians in their resistance to Demetrius
Poliorcetes. (Vitruv. x. 21, or 16. ~ 3, Schneider.)
2. A painter, who instructed the emperor M.
Antoninus in his art. (Capitolin. Anton. 4, and
Salmasius's note.) [P. S.]
DIOME'DE (AsouiA,), a daughter of Phorbas
of Lemnos, was beloved by Achilles. (Hom. II.
ix. 665; Eustath. ad Honm. p. 596, and Diet. Cret.
ii. 19, where her name appears in the poetical form
of AIosteuiIa.) There are three other mythical
beings of this name. (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 3; Hygin. Fab. 97; comp. DEION.) [L. S.]
DIOME'DES (A o/uis ). 1. A son of Tydeus
and Deipyle, the husband of Aegialeia, and the
successor of Adrastus in the kingdom of Argos,
though he was descended from an Aetolian family.
(Apollod. i. 8. ~ 5, &c.) The Homeric tradition
about him is as follows:-- His father Tydeus fell
in the expedition against Thebes, while Diomedes
was yet a boy (II. vi. 222); but he himself afterwards was one of the Epigoni who took Thebes. (1I.
iv. 405; comp. Paus. ii. 20. 4 4.) Diomedes went
to Troy with Sthenclus and Euryalus, carrying
with him in eighty ships warriors fiom Argos,
Tiryns, Hermione, Asine, Troezene, Eionae, Epidaurus, Aegina, and Mases. (ii. 559, &c.) In the
army of the Greeks before Troy, Diomedes was,
next to Achilles, the bravest among the heroes;
and, like Achilles and Odysseus, he enjoyed the
special protection of Athena, who assisted him in
all dangerous moments. (v. 826, vi. 98, x. 240,
xi. 312; comp. Virg. Aen. i. 96.) He fought
with the most distinguished among the Trojans,
such as Hector and Aeneias (viii. 110, &c., v.
310, &c.), and even with the gods who espoused
the cause of the Trojans. He thus wounded
Aphrodite, and drove her from the field of battle (v.
335, 440), and Ares himself was likewise wounded
by him. (v. 837.) Diomedes was wounded by
Pandareus, whom, however, he afterwards slew
with many other Trojans. (v. 97, &c.) In the
attack of the Trojans on the Greek camp, he and
Odysseus offered a brave resistance, but Diomedes
was wounded and returned to the ships. (xi. 320,
&c.) He wore a cuirass made by Hephaestus, but
sometimes also a lion's skin. (viii. 195, x. 177.)