A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DIODOTUS.
blishment of his power in Bactria are very uncertain. It seems clear, however, that he was at first
satrap or governor of that province, under the
Syrian monarchy, and that he took advantage of
his sovereign's being engaged in wars in distant
parts of his dominions to declare himself independent. The remote and secluded position of his
territories, and the revolt of the Parthians under
Arsaces, almost immediately afterwards, appear to
have prevented any attempt on the part of the
Syrian monarch to reduce him again to subjection.
At a later period, when Seleucus Callinicus undertook his expedition against Parthia, he appears to
have entered into alliance with Diodotus, and may
perhaps have confirmed him in the possession of
his sovereignty, to secure his co-operation against
Tiridates. Diodotus, however, died apparently just
about-this time. (Justin. xli. 4; Strab. xi. p. 515;
compare Wilson's A riana, pp. 215-219; Droysen's
Hellenismnus, ii. pp. 325, 412, 760; Raoul Rochette
Journ. des Savans, Oct. 1835.)
With regard to the date of the revolt of Diodotus, it appears from Strabo and Justin to have
preceded that of Arsaces in Parthia, and may therefore be referred with much probability to the latter
part of the reign of Antiochus II. in Syria. B. c.
261-246. [See ARSACEs, p. 354, a.] The date
usually received is 256 B. c., but any such precise
determination rests only on mere conjecture.
Concerning the Bactrian kings in general see
Bayer, Historia Regni Graecorunm Bactriani, 4to.
Petrop. 1738; Lassen, Zur Geschichlte der Griechiscieen d Ind Indo-Skytischen Kinige in Baktrien, 8vo.
Bonn, 1838; Wilson's Arianca Antiqua, 4to.
Lond. 1841. [E. H. B.]
DIO'DOTUS II., the son and successor of the
preceding, is called by Justin Theodotus, as well
as his father. According to that author, he abandoned his father's policy, and concluded a treaty
with the king of Parthia, Tiridates, by which he
joined him against Seleucus Callinicus. (Justin.
xli. 4.) The total defeat of the Syrian king probably secured the independence of Bactria, as well
as- that of Parthia; but we know nothing more of
the history of Diodotus. The commencement of
his reign may be dated somewhere about 240 B. c.
(Wilson's Ariana, p. 217.) [E. H. B.]
DIO'DOTUS (Ailoe-os), literary. 1. Of EaRYTHRAE, was, according to Athenaeus (x. p. 434),
the author of 4p1p0epites 'AAeSdav'poU, from which
we may infer that he was a contemporary of Alexander the Great.
2. A Greek GRmAMMARIAN,who, according to Diogenes Laertius (ix. 15), commented on the writings
of Heracleitus.
3. A PERIPATETIC philosopher, of Sidon, is
mentioned only by Strabo (xvi. p. 757).
4. Surnamed PETRONIUS, was the author of
Anthologumena and other works. He is often referred to by Pliny, and is the same as the physician mentioned below.
5. A STOIC philosopher, who lived for many
years at Rome in the house of Cicero, who had
known him from his childhood, and always entertained great love and respect for him. He instructed Cicero, and trained and exercised his
intellectual powers, especially in dialectics. In his
later years, Diodotus became blind, but he nevertheless continued to occupy himself with literary
pursuits and with teaching geometry. He died in
Cicero's house, in u. c. 59, and left to his friend

DIOGENES. 1019
a property of about 100,000 sesterces. (Cic. ad.
Fain. ix. 4, xiii. 16, de Nat. Deor. i. 3, Brut. 90,
Acad. ii. 36, Tusc. v. 39, ad Att. ii. 20.) [L. S.]
DIO'DOTUS (Ao'0oro7s), artists. 1. A statuary, to whom Strabo (ix. p. 396, c.) ascribes the
Rhamnusian Nemesis of AGORACRITUS. There is
no other mention of him.
2. A sculptor of Nicomedeia, the son of Boethus,
made, with his brother Menodotus, a statue of
Hercules. (Winckelmann, Werke, vi. p. 38.) [P.S.]
DIO'DOTUS (Aid'o-ros), a Greek physician,
who is called by Pliny (H. N. xx. 32) Petronius
Diodotus, though it is not unlikely that (as Fabricius conjectures) we should read Petronius et Diodotus, as Petronius is distinguished from Diodotus
by Dioscorides (De Mat. Mlfed. praef. p. 2), and
S. Epiphanius. (Adv. Haeres. i. 1. 3, p. 3, ed.
Colon. 1682.) lHe must have lived some time in
or before the first century after Christ, and wrote
a work on botany. [W. A. G.]
DFOGAS (At47yas), an iatrolipta (see Diet. of
Ant. s. v.), who lived in the first or second century
after Christ, mentioned by Galen (de Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, vii. 5, vol. xii. p. 104) as having
used a medicine of Antonius Musa. [W. A. G.]
DIOGENEIA (Aoye'vesa), the name of two
mythical beings. (Paus. i. 38. ~ 3; Apollod. iii.
15. ~ 1.) [L. S.]
DIO'GENES (AtoyY'rPs), historical. 1. An
ACARNANIAN. WhenPopillius in B. c. 170 went as
ambassador to the Aetolians, and several statesmen were of opinion that Roman garrisons should
be stationed in Acarnania, Diogenes opposed their
advice, and succeeded in inducing Popillius not to
send any soldiers into Acarnania. (Polyb. xxviii. 5.)
2. A son of ARCHELAUS, the general of Mithridates, who fell in the battle of Chaeroneia, which
his father lost against Sulla. (Appian, Mithrid. 49.)
3. A CARTHAGINIAN, who succeeded Hasdrubal
in the command of a place called Nepheris, in
Africa, where he was attacked by Scipio Africanus
the Younger, who however left Laelius to continue
the attack, while he himself marched against Carthage. However, Scipio soon returned, and after
a siege of twenty-two days, the place was taken:
70,000 persons are said to have been killed on
that spot, and this victory of Scipio was the first
great step towards the taking of Carthage, which
had been supplied with provisions from Nepheris.
The capture of the place, moreover, broke the courage of the Africans, who still espoused the cause
of Carthage. (Appian, Pun. 126.)
4. A person sent by OROFERNES, together with
Timotheus, as ambassador to Rome in B. c. 161, to
carry to Rome a golden crown, and to renew the
friendship and alliance with the Romans. The
principal object of the ambassadors, however, was
to support the accusation which was brought against
Ariarathes; and Diogenes and his coadjutor, Miltiades, succeeded in their plan, and lies and calumnies gained the victory, as there was no one to
undertake the defence of Ariarathes. (Polyb.
xxxii. 20.)
5. Praefect of SUSIANA in the reign of Antiochus the Great. During the rebellion of Molo he
defended the arx of Susa while the city itself was
taken by the rebel. Molo ceased pushing his conquest further, and leaving a besieging corps behind
him, he returned to Seleuceia. When the insurrection was at length put down by Antiochus, Diogenes obtained the command of the military forces