The steam engine familiarly explained and illustrated; with an historical sketch of its invention and progressive improvement; its applications to navigation and railways; with plain maxims for railway speculators. By the Rev. Dionysius Lardner ... With additions and notes by James Renwick ...

312 THE STEAM ENGINE.
IV.
At the fare of 1 4 d. per head per nmile, tha profit on the
Manchester railroad is 100 per cent. on the disbursements
for passengelrs.
V.
Goods can be profitably transported by canal at a lower
tonnage than by railroads; the speed on the canal (for goods)
being, however, but one-fifth of the speed on the railroad.
VI.
Goods are transported on the Liverpool and Manchester
railroad at three-pence three farthings per ton per mile, with
a profit of about 40 per cent. upon the disbursement, having
the competition of a canal between its termini.
VII.
A long railroad can be worked with greater relative eco.
nomy than a short one.
VII.
Steam engines work with the greatest efficiency and
economy, when the resistance they have to overcome is
perfectly uniform and invariable.
IX.
The variation of resistance on railroads depends, first, on
acclivities; secondly, on curves.
By curves are meant the changes of direction of the road
to the right or to the left. The direction of a railroad can