The works of Francis Bacon, lord chancellor of England.

140 UNION OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND.
dissolved. For take, for example, snow or froth, distribution: that Italy should give the language
which are compositions of air and water, and in and the laws; Troy should give a mixture of men,
them you may behold how easily they sever and and some religious rites; and botlh people should
dissolve, the water closing together and exclud- meet in one name of Latins.
ing the air. Soon after the foundation of the city of Rome,
So those three bodies which the. alchymists do the people of the Romans and the Sabines mingled
so much celebrate as the three principles of upon equal terms: wherein the interchange went so
things; that is to say, earth, water, and oil, even, that, as Livynoteth, the one nation gave the
which it pleaseth them to term salt, mercury, and name to the place, the other to the people. For
sulphur, we see, if they be united only by com- Rome continued the name, but the people were
position or putting together, how weakly and called Quirites, which was the Sabine word, derudely they do incorporate: for water and earth rived of Cures, the country of Tatius.
make but an imperfect slime; and if they be But that which is chiefly to be noted in the
forced together by agitation, yet, upon a little whole continuance of the Roman government;
settling, the earth resideth in the bottom. So they were so liberal of their naturalizations, as in
water and oil, though by agitation it be brought effect they made perpetual mixtures. For the
into an ointment, yet after a little settling the 1 manner was to grant the same, not only to partioil will float on the top. So as such imperfect cular persons, but to families and lineages; and
mixtures continue no longer than they are forced; not only so, but to whole cities and countries.
and still in the end the worthiest getteth above. So as in the end it came to that, that Rome was
But otherwise it is of perfect mixtures. For "'communis patria," as some of the civilians
we see these three bodies, of earth, water, and call it.
oil, when they are joined in a vegetable or mine- So we read of St. Paul, after he had been
ral, they are so united, as, without great subtlety beaten with rods, and thereupon charged the
of art and force of extraction, they cannot be se- officer with the violation of the privilege of a
parated and reduced into the same simple bodies citizen of Rome; the captain said to him, ", Art
again. So as the difference between 6 composi- thou then a Roman? That privilege hath cost me
tie" and,lmistio" clearly set down is this; that dear." To whom St. Paul replied, ", But I was
",compositio" is the joining or putting together so born;" and yet, in another place, St. Paul
of bodies without a new form: and ", mistio" is the professeth himself, that he was a Jew by tribe:
joining or putting together of bodies under a new so as it is manifest that some of his ancestors
form: for the new form is 1" commune vinculum," were naturalized; and so it was conveyed to him
and without that the old forms will be at strife and their other descendants.
and discord. So we read that it was one of the first despites
Now, to reflect this light of nature upon matter that was done to Julius Cesar, that whereas he
of estate; there hath been put in practice in go- obtained naturalization for a city in Gaul, one of
vernment these two several kinds of policy in the city was beaten with rods of the consul Maruniting and.conjoining of states and kingdoms; cellus.
the one to retain the ancient form still severed, So we read in Tacitus, that in the Emperor
and only conjoined in sovereignty; the other to Claudius's time, the nation of Gaul, that part' perinduce a new form, agreeable and convenient which is called Comata, the wilder part, were
1 the entire estate. The former of these hath suitors to be made capable of the honour of being
been more usual, and is more easy; but the latter senators and officers of Rome. His words are
is more happy. For if a man do attentively re- these: "Cum de supplendo senatu agitaretur privolve histories of all nations, and judge truly moresque Gallie, quee Comata appellata foedera, et
thereupon, he will make this conclusion, that civitatem Romanam pridem assecuti, jus adipisthere was never any states that were good com- cendorum in urbe honorum expeterent: multus ea
mixtures but the Romans; which, because it was super re variusque rumor, et studiis diversis, apud
the best state of the world, and is the best exam- principem certabatur." And in the end, after long
ple of this point, we will chiefly insist thereupon. debate, it was ruled they should be admitted.
In the antiquities of Rome, Virgil bringeth in So, likewise, the authority of Nicholas MachiaJupiter, by way of oracle or prediction, speaking vel seemeth not to be contemned; who, inquiring
jf the mixture of the Trojans and the Italians: the causes of the growth of the Roman empire,
doth give judgment; there was not one greater
Sermonemi Ausonii patrjuin moresque tenebunt: than this, that the state did so easily compound
Ttqtue est, rnomen erit: commixti corpore tantum and incorporate with strangers.
Stibsident Teucri; morem ritusque sacrorum
Adjiciam faciailque omnes uno ore Latinos. It is true, that most estates and kingdoms have
Hine genius, Ausonio mixtinl quod sanguine surget, taken the other course: of which this effect hath
Spra hornies, supra ire Dees pietate vnidebis. 834 followed, that the addition of further empire and..n. xii. 834.
territory hath been rather matter of burden, than
Wherein Jupiter macbeth a kind of partition or matter of strength unto them: yea, and, farther, it