Physical geography. By Mary Somerville ...

X CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX.
The Low Lands of South America - Desert of Patagonia - The Pampas
of Buenos Ayres - The Silvas of the Amazons - The Llanos of the Orinoco and Venezuela - Geological Notice................................. 106
CHAPTER X.
Central America- West Indian Islands- Geological Notice........... 115
CHAPTER XI.
North America-Table-Land and Mountains of Mexico-The Rocky
Mountains-The Maritime Chain and Mountains of Russian America........................................................................... 120
CHAPTER XII.
North America, continued-The Great Central Plains, or Valley of the
Mississippi - The Alleghany Mountains - The Atlantic Slope - The Atlantic Plain- Geological Notice The Mean Height of the Continents............................................................................... 124
CHAPTER XIII.
The Continent of Australia Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land- Islands -
Continental Islands- Pela IslandsIslands-New Zealand — New Guinea
-Borneo - Atolls - Encircling Reefs - Coral Reefs - Barrier Reefs
Volcanic Islands -Areas of Subsidence and Elevation in the Bed of
the Pacific -Active Volcanoes - Earthquakes - Secular Changes in the
Level of the Land................................................................ 137
CHAPTER XIV.
Arctic Lands - Greenland - Spitzbergen - Iceland - Its Volcanic Phenomena and Geysers - Jan Mayen's Land - New Siberian Islands - Antarctic Lands- Victoria Continent............1..................... 161
CHAPTER XV.
Nature and Character of Mineral Veins - Metalliferous Deposits - Mines
-Their Drainage and Ventilation — Their Depth- Diffusion of the
Metals - Gold - Silver - Lead - British Mines - Quicksilver - Copper
Tin- Cornish Mines-Coal- Iron- Most abundant in the Temperate Zones, especially in the Northern - European and British Iron and
Coal —American Iron and Coal-Arsenic and other Metals SaltSulphur -Diffusion of the Gems...................................... 171
CHAPTER XVI.
The Ocean- Its Size, Colour, Pressure, and Saltness - Tides- Waves —
their Height and Force — Currents- their Effect on Voyages - Temperature- The Stratum of Constant Temperature -Line of Maximum
Temperature - North and South Polar Ice - Inland Seas............. 197
CHAPTER XVII.
Springs-Basins of the Ocean Origin, Course, and Heads of Rivers —
Hydraulic Systems of Europe —African Rivers —the Nile, Niger,
& c................................................................. 221
CHAPTER XVIII.
Asiatic Rivers - Euphrates and Tigris - River Systems South of the HIimalaya- Chinese Rivers - Siberian Rivers............,............ 236