Geological researches in China, Mongolia, and Japan, during the years 1862-1865.

APPENDIX. 123
doubtless a delicate fern of small size, the pinnules deeply cut into linear or spatulate lobes, those
of the fertile portions of the frond being specially slender, and bearing the sori at the extremity of
each lobe. A fruit-bearing fragment visible in one of the specimens before us calls to mind Lindley's
Tymfanophora racemosa, which is now regarded as the fertile portion of the frond of Coniopteris
Murrayana.
This fossil also occurs at Sanyii, near Chaitang, with Sphen. orienlalis, thus linking together,
geologically, these two localities.
TAXITES SPATULATUS, Newb.
PLATE IX, Fig. 4.
T. foliis coriaceis lineari-lanceolatis vel spatulatis, curvatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, nervo medio valde
distincto.
In a yellow sandy schist, from near the Futau mine at Chaitang, with pinnne of Podozamites, are
numerous linear or spatulate one-nerved leaves, evidently derived from some coniferous tree, apparently of the family of Taxinete, though larger than the leaves of any of the known Yews.
By their size, curved outline, cuneate base, and their variable width, these leaves bear some resemblance to some of those which have been referred to the genus Podocarpus, but with one exception
all the described fossil species have been found in Tertiary rocks. The exception referred to is
Podocarpites acicularis, Aidrae, from the Lias of Steierdorf, in which the leaves are very long and
narrow, having more the form of those of a pine.
Podocarpus Taxites, Unger (Flor. Foss. v. Sotzka), has almost precisely the form of some of the
leaves before us; but it is very doubtful whether that was really a Podocarpus.
Brongniart has enumerated in his Prodromus a Taxites podocarpoides, from the Oolite of Stonesfield, but no figure or description of it has yet been given Possibly that species may have relations
with the one under consideration, which would give the latter a value in determining the precise age
of the rocks which contain it.
APPENDIX NO. 2.
Analyses of Chinese and Japanese Coals.
Made for R. Pumpelly by Mr. JAMES A. MACDONALD, M. A., of the Sheffield Laboratory, Yale
College.
IN the following analyses each determination is the mean of two closely agreeing ones. For the
water determination the coal was pulverized and heated in an air-bath at 1100 C. until it gave a
constant weight. A portion was then ignited in fragments, in a closed crucible, to determine the
"volatile matter." The ash was estimated in the usual manner by incineration.
I. TATSAU mine (43 feet seam) near Chaitang.
Hard anthracite. Decrepitates very slightly, and yields a little HO in a closed tube. Spec.
~rav. 1.57.
Carbon....89.81
Volatile matter........ 3.08
Water.......2.67
Ash.... 4.44
100.00
II. FUTAU mine. Chaitang (west of Peking).
Bright, bituminous, coking coal, yielding a little HO in the closed tube. Spec. grav. 1.30.
Carbon........ 85.77
Volatile matter........ 11.94
Water......... 0.35
Ash.......... 1.94
100.00