Geological researches in China, Mongolia, and Japan, during the years 1862-1865.

118 GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES, ETC
PROVINCE OF FUHKIEN.
CHANGCHAU (Fu). Rock-crystal in CHANGPU (hien).
TAIWAN (Fu). Sulphur in CHANGHWA (hien).
PROVINCE OF KWANGTUNG.
KWANGCHAU (Fu). Amber. Amethyst at Mt. Pau in TUNGWEI (hien).
SHAUCHAU (Fu). Sulphate of iron.
KIUNGCHAU (Fu). Flint at Mt. Li. Whetstone at Mt. Shi. Large rqck-crystals at Mt. Wutsz'.
PROVINCE OF KWANGSI
SZ'CHING (Fu). Realgar.
WUCHAU (Fu). Rock-crystal W. of TSANGHOH (hien).
PROVINCE OF YUNNAN.
YUNNAN (Fu). Nitre in YUNGMEN (hien).
WUTING (chau). Blue jade in Tungsan. Touchstone in the Kinshakiang river. Nitre, from wells,
in YUENMAU (hien).
LIKIANG (Fu). Green and black jade in Mt. Mohpeh.
YUNGCHANG (Fu). Amber in TANGYUEH (chau). Agates at Mt. Manau in PAUSHAN (hien). Topaz
and rock-crystal at Mungmitosz' in PAUSHAN (hien). Feitsui, and white and black jade at
Maumotosz', and blue jade at TUNGYUEH (ting).
The mountains of Southern Yunnan seem to abound in precious stones.
The working of beautiful stones into objects of ornament, forms an important
branch of industry in several of the large cities. Jade of various colors, serpentine,
steatite,l and dendritic marbles, are made into an endless variety of household ornaments. Topaz, aqua-marine, pink turmaline, opaque sapphires, jadeite2 (Feitsui),
lapis-lazuli, sungurshi, a mineral similar to turquois, rock-crystal, garnets, and many
other precious and semi-precious stones, are carved, with great labor and patience,
in very intricate forms. Several snuff bottles carved out of blue corundum were
seen, the caviiy being very small at the neck, and enlarged symmetrically and
polished in the interior.
No diamonds were seen in any of the lapidaries' shops, although the Chinese
have a name for that stone. Emeralds are very rare, and although the Chinese
name is lieupaushi (green precious stone), they are known among lapidaries as
Sz'mulu, the name of Sumatra, whence they are probably obtained.
Rubies are more common, although often confounded with spinelles and hyacinths. Sapphires are frequent, and often of fine water and respectable size.
Much of the stone known as pagodite has been shown by Prof. G. J. Brush to be a compact
pyrophyllite.
2 Feitsui is, perhaps, the most prized of all stones among the Chinese. The chalchihuitl, a precious stone of the ancient Mexicans, as I have seen it in a mask preserved in the museum of Pract.
Geol. in London, and in several ornaments in the collection of Mr. Squiers in New York, is, apparently, the same mineral. This f~ct is the more remarkable, as there is no known occurrence of this
mineral in America.