The telegraph manual: a complete history and description of the semaphoric, electric and magnetic telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, ancient and modern.

612 EUROPEAN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS.
Tyne, where it was enveloped with its iron armor in the
short space of four weeks. This cable was made for the deep
and for the shoal water, as represented by figs. 3 and 4.
The former was for the deep water and made light, as will be
seen from the figure, which represents the full size of the cable.
Its weight was a little less than one ton per mile, making
a total of about eighty tons. The shore ends will be seen by
reference to fig. 4, being surrounded with larger wires, forming
an armor capable of resisting the waves on the rocky coast.
The cable was completed and conveyed across England to
Mlaryport on the railway. At Maryport it was placed on board
the vessel and transported to Holyhead. One end was carried
on shore and made fast, the vessel then proceeded to submerge
it across the channel. The depth was seventy fathoms. Sixtyfour miles of the cable were successfully laid and operated.
After the third day it failed. It was supposed at the time that
the anchor of a vessel had produced a separation of the wires,
and on being taken up they were found broken and very badly
stretched. This was near the Irish shore. About a year after
the failure of this cable, a ship having made a cruise to South
America, arrived at New-York with a piece of the cable which
had been cut or broken off by the sailors. It was not until
after the arrival of the vessel in America, that the sailors or any
of the crew knew what the great and mysterious prize was
that they had kept with such care.
THE IRISH CHANNEL CABLE OF 1852.
In the month of October, 1852, Messrs. Newall & Co. embarked wihh another cable across the Irish channel, connecting
Scotland with Ireland, at the narrow part of the channel, between Donaghadee and Port Patrick. This cable is represented
by fig. 7, the construction of which will be readily understood
by the reader. The vessel while laying this cable and sixteen
miles from shore encountered a severe gale, and it was impossible to steer it in the proper course. To hold out against the
Fig. 7.-Irish Channel Cable.
/W