The telegraph manual: a complete history and description of the semaphoric, electric and magnetic telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, ancient and modern.

302 REVOLVING-POINTER TELEGRAPH.
magnetizing it by the contiguity of a powerful magnet, is described, which promises to be of great value in electric telegraphs, as by the employment of this apparatus any demagnetization of the magnets in thunder-storms is entirely obviated,
and the coils of wire are made to give out more power.
Fig. 5.
Revolving-Pointer Telegraph, with double action escapement, for either one or two
line-wires, the pointer being able to progress from letter to letter, or to pass by one
bound from any letter the whole distance up to zero.
The lieters in the rays are substituted for the following, viz.: a-Numbers; b-Private
Signals; c-Code; d-Letters; c-End of Message: end of the word; f-Repeat; g-TUnderstand; h —Wait; i-Not understand; k-Go on.
Pendulous, or vibrating bodies, in step-by-step motion telegraphs, are introduced in order that a definite period of time
may elapse between each successive current of electricity; and
these same bodies are caused to make and break the circuit, so
that no second current can be transmitted till all the instruments in a series have completed the word due to the prior current. In this way, all overrunning or lagging behind of one instrument, as before described, is entirely obviated.
Besides these improvements, Messrs. Highton made many
others, in batteries, construction of lines, and in the administra