Part I. Report of progress in 1869, by J. S. Newberry, chief geologist. Part II. Report of progress in the second district, by E. B. Andrews, assist. geologist. Part III. Report on geology of Montgomery County, by Edward Orton, assist. geologist.

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Waverly; and the fossils to which I have referred prove beyond all
doubt that the latter group is a portion of the Carboniferous system.
These fossils are Paloeoniscus 2 species, Ctenacanthus 3, Gyracanthus 2,
Orodus 2, Helodus 2, Polyrhizodus 1, Cladodus 3; all Carboniferous forms,
with great numbers of mollusks and crinoids, of which many species
have been found elsewhere in the Lower Carboniferous, and some in the
Coal measures. Among the latter I may cite Spirifer cameratus, Productus semi-reticulatus, Streptorhynchus umbraculunm, and others.*
We have also discovered that the species found in this formation,
claimed by some geologists to be identical with those characteristic of
the Devonian of other States, have all been wrongly named, and that so
far as now known, no Devonian species occur in the Waverly.
THE CARBONIFEROUS CONGLOMERATE.
This rests upon the Waverly and forms the floor of Coal measures; its
line of outcrop forming a narrow belt, encircling all the coal area. It is
generally a coarse sandstone interstratified with beds of greater or less
thickness, composed mostly of rolled quartz pebbles, and constituting a
typical pudding stone. The average thickness of the Conglomerate is
perhaps one hundred feet, and it contains large numbers of fossil plants,
generally similar to those found in the Coal measures. In some localities
it also furnishes very beautiful building stone; perhaps the most beautiful in our country. The places where it exhibits its best phases, are
Akron and Cuyahoga Falls in Summit connty, and Mansfield, Richland
county. The rock quarried at the first-named place, is of a deep purplish red, and has been used in the construction of same of the finest
residences in the State.
THE COAL MEASURES.
The Coal measures consist of a series of sandstones, shales, limestones,
fire clays and beds of coal, of which the latter are the most important
and interesting. The geographical area occupied by the coal rocks, as
has been stated, comprises the south-eastern third of the State. As the
general dip of all our rocks east of the great anticlinal is towards the
east, the Coal measures, which form the highest member of our series,
grow thicker in that direction. In the vicinity of Wheeling, near the
centre of the Alleghany coal basin-of which our coal area forms a part
-the Coal measures have a thickness of about 1,500 feet, and include,
perhaps, ten workable seams of coal, under each of which is a stratum of,fire clay. These latter also contribute their quota to the great economical
* Prof. Winchell, State Geologist of Michigan, who has studied the mollusks of the:Michigan equivalent of the Waverly, has for some years asserted that. it was of Car
boniferous age.