Part I. Report of progress in 1869, by J. S. Newberry, chief geologist. Part II. Report of progress in the second district, by E. B. Andrews, assist. geologist. Part III. Report on geology of Montgomery County, by Edward Orton, assist. geologist.

125
This buff limestone is an excellent guide in the study of the geology of
Washington county.
The blue slate below the coal at Whipple's run, and at other points, is
rich in fossil mollusca.
At Salem village the limestone group is seen, and the coal is reported
to be from 20 to 30 inches thick. Here it has lost all cannel structure.
The cannel coal on Whipple's run is only a local modification of a bituminous coal seam. This, so far as my observations go, is true of all
cannel coals.
At the head of Pigeon branch of Whipple's run, we find, on the farm of
Samuel J. Hazen, Salem township, a seam of coal in the hill, estimated
to be about 70 feet above the limestone group. This coal is 4 feet thick,
with 3 inches black slate under it, below which is the usual under clay.
It has 10 inches of black slate over it, above which is a blueish clay,
mottled with red. No heavy sandrock was here seen above the coal.
The coal has much resemblance to the Bear creek coal, and in many respects is unlike its geological equivalent, the sandstone coal, found higher
up Duck creek. From a careful examination of the coal on Bear creek,
made several years since, I was led to believe that that coal was found
on the extreme southern edge of the great coal marsh, and was subjected
to peculiar tidal inundations, which brought in water-worn or beach-worn
sticks, and fragments of wood, which are now found intermingled with
the coal. These overflows have doubtless modified the structure of the
coal. South of Bear creek, and south of Whipple's run, this seam of coal
entirely disappears, or is too thin to work. It is probable that the black,
bituminous shales, under a heavy sand rock, seen on the plank road on
New-Year's run, about half a mile from its mouth, is the equivalent, in
geological position, of the coal seam spoken of. In Salem township, and
especially on the East Fork of Duck creek, the upper or sandstone coal
is well developed, and mines have been opened
on the farms of Vincent Payne, Moses True, Messrs.
Hovey, Gould and others. On the farm of Mr.
Hill, north of Salem village, the coal is well seen. /
On the land of Vincent Payne the annexed sec- \[;J''.Heavy
tion of coal was made. (See Fig.'24.) Sand rok
Direction of vertical planes in this seam, S. 78~0 E. The 15-to 2a0- Clay,
direction of same in the "limestone coal" on Mr. Payne's
land, or near it, S. 80~ E.' i' al
8-to 1t " i-reKClay
On V. Payne's land there is a seam of limestone
144 feet above the sandstone coal, and another 56 3 7
feet higher. These limestones are found on all.I ay
the hills in that region that are high enough to FiG. 24.