The bases of the temperance reform: an exposition and appeal./ With replies to numerous objections. By Rev. Dawson Burns.

AAppendices.
substance, but even after the ingestion of very small doses
of alcoholic liquors.
V. The elimination of the alcohol continues during
several hours, even after very moderate ingestion. The
elimination is continued by the kidneys for a longer time
than by the skin and lungs.
X. Aldehyde introduced into the stomach is absorbed
by and found in the blood; there is found there, at the
same time, some acetic acid, due to the transformation of
a portion of the aldehyde. But the aldehyde does not
give place to the production of oxalic acid.
Y. Aldehyde introduced into the stomach is eliminated
partially by the kidneys and by the lungs. After the ingestion of alcohol, aldehyde is not found either in the urine
or in the products of the pulmonary exhalation.
Z. Alcohol has the same action, and produces the same
effects, in man as in the lower animals.
G.
MEDICAL DECLARATIONS ON THIE USE OF INTOXICATING
LIQUORS AND ABSTINENCE FROM THEM.
BESIDES a great variety of collective statements, signed
by medical men residing in the same town or district,
three certzficates of a national character have been published. The first of these wvas drawn up, in I839, by
Julius Jeffreys, Esq., himself one of the faculty, and the
inventor of the well-known respirator. It was expressed
in these terms: " An opinion handed down from rude and
ignorant times, and imbibed by Englishmen from their
youth, has become very general, that the habitual use of
some portion of alcoholic drink, as of wine, beer, or
spirit, is beneficial to health, and even necessary for
those subjected to habitual labor. Anatomy, physiology,
and the experience of all ages and countries, when pro
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