Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

.476 1PYANEPSIA. PYTHIIA.
Servius, ine Viriy. Geoog. iii. 533.) There was also instituted by Theseus after his return from Crete.
a pulvinar, on which the images of the gods were (Plut. PTes. 22.) The festival as well as the
laid, in the Circus. (Sueton. Azgust. 45, Cleaud. month in which it took place, are said to have de~.) [J. Y.] rived their names from 7rVaEuosr, another form for
PULVI'NUS. [PULVIN=AR.] iciamaos, i.e. pulse or beans, which were cooked at
PUPILLA, PUPILLUS. [IIPUBES; IN- this season and carried about. (Harp. and Suid. I.c.;
FANS; TUTELA.] Athen. ix. p. 408.) A procession appears to have
PUPILLA'RIS SUBSTITU'TIO. [HEREs, taken place at the Pyanepsia, in which the EIPE0oILm'r
p. 599.] was carried about. This elpe'Tawrqy was an olivePUPPIS. [NAVIS, p. 787, a.] branch surrousded with wool and laden with the
PU'TEAL, properly means the enclosure sur- fruits of the year; for the festival was in reality a
rounding the opening of a well, to protect persons harvest feast. It was carried by a boy whose parents
from falling into it. It was either round or square, were still living, and those who followed him sang
and seems usually to have been of the height certain verses, which are preserved in Plutarch.
of three or four feet from the ground. There is a (1. c.; compare Clem. Alex. Stromz. iv. p. 474 1
round one in the British Museum, made of marble, Eustath. ad 1I. xxii.; Suid. s. v. Eipeoricvrq; and
which was found anmong the ruins of one of Etymol. Mag. where a different account is given.)
Tiberius's villas in Caprene; it exhibits five groups The procession went to a temple of Apollo, and
of fauns and bacchanalian nymphs; and around the olive-branch was planted at its entrance. Acthe edge at the top may be seen the marks of the cording to others, every Athenian planted, on the
ropes used in drawing up water from the well. clay of the Pyanlepsia, such an olive branch before
Such putealia seem to have been common in the his own house, wlhere it was left standing till the
Ronman villas: the peutealia siqnatac, which Cicero next celebration of the festival, when it was ex(ad A tt. i. 10) wanted for his Tusculan villa, must changed for a fresh one. (Schol. ad Aristoph.
have been of the same kind as the one in the Plut. 1050.) [L. S.]
Biltish Museum; the signata, refers to its being PYCNOSTY'LOS. [TrEsIPLUMi.]
atdorned with figures. It was the practice in some PYELUS (7rio.Aos). [FUNUI, p..55, b.]
cases to surround a sacred place with an enclosure PYGME. [MENsuaA, p. 752, a.]
open at the top, and such enclosures from the PYGON. [MIENSURA, p. 752, a.]
great similarity they bore to Psuletlia were called PYLA'GORAE (7rvXayopai). [AAslPrIicToby this name. There was a Puzteel of this kind NES, p. 80, b.]
at Rome, called Puteal Scriboniaoulz or Puteal PYRA. [FuNus, p. 559, b.]
Libonis, which is often exhibited on coins of the PYRGUS (7rmpyos), a tower. 1. The towers
Scribonia gens, and of which a specimen is given used in fortification and in war are spoken of under
belowv. The puteal is on the reverse of the coin TuRRIs. 2. An army drawn up in a deep oblong
adorned with garlands and two lyres. It is gene- column. [TTuaRrs, No. VI.] 3. A dice-box, so
rally stated that there were two putealia in the called from its resemblance to a tower [FRIItoman forum; but C. F. Hermann, who has care- TILLUS.]. 4. The territory of the town of Teos
fully examined all the passages in the ancient was distributed among a certain number of towers
writers relating to this matter (lad. Lect. M1crM- ( r pTyom), to each of which corresponded a symbur1g. 1840), comes to the conclusion that there mory or section of the citizens (B6ckh, Corp. Inscr.
was only one such puteal at Rome. It was in the No. 3064; and the elucidations of Grote, Ilist. of
forum, near the Arcus Fabianus, and was dedi- Greece, vol. iii. pp. 247, 2481).
cated in very ancient times either on account of PY'RRHICA. [SALTATeO.]
the whetstone of the Augur Navius (comp. Liv. i. PY'THIA (Orbia), one of the four great na36), or because the spot had been struck by light- tional festivals of the Greeks. It was celebrated
ning. It was subsequently repaired and re-dedi- in the neighbourhood of Delphi, anciently called
cated by Scribonius Libo, who had been com-. Pytho, in honour of Apollo, Artemis, and Leto.
manded to examine the state of the sacred places The place of this solemnity was the Crissaean
(Festus, s. v. Scriboniasnum)). Libo erected in its plain, which for this purpose contained a hipponeighbourbood a tribunal for the praetor, in con- dromus or race-course (Paus. x. 37. ~ 4), a stadium
sequence of which the place was, of course, fre- of 1000 feet in length (Censorin. de Die Nat. 13),
quented by persons who had law-suits, such as and a theatre, in which the musical contests took
money-lenders and the like. (Comp. Hor. Sat. ii. place. (Lucian, tadv. indoct. 9.) A gymnasium,
6. 35, Epist. i. 19. 8; Ov. Reined. Amor. 561; prytaneim, and other buildings of this kind, proCic. )ro Sex. 8; C. F. Ilermaen I. c.) bably existed here, as at Olympia, although they
are not mentioned. Once the Pythian games were
held at Athens, on the advice of Demetrius PoliorU V = o -o a XX cetes (01. 122. 3; see Plut. Denzetr. 40; Corsini,!___ Pe.%i} 0 S -t/oFast. Att. iv. p. 77), because the Aetolians were in
ii..'.bo~.11 possession of the passes around Delphi.
\1 O:~S,.;cr o:~_ The Pythian games were, according to most
x2'~'I~~ r~ T i legends, instituted by Apollo himself (iAth n. x;v.
p. 701; Schol. Argunz. ad P'ind. Pth/.): other
traditions referred them to ancient heroes, such as
PUTI'CULAE, PUTI'CULI. [FiuNus, p. Amphictyon, Adrastus, Diomedes, and others.
560, b.] They were originally perhaps nothing more than
PYANE'PSIA (rvuave'i4a), a festival cele- a religious panegyris, occasioned by the oracle of
brauted at Athens every year on the sevenlth of Py- Delphi, alnd the sacred games are said to have
anepsion, in honour of Apollo. (Harpocrat. Hesych. beenl at first only a musical contest, which corSlitls. s. eS. Ilvayrla.) It was said to have been sisted in siiigil!g a hymns to the honour of the