Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

958 PRIMICERIUS. PROBOLE.
bers and abolished their privileges (Aurel.'Vict. officers and dignitaries under the later Roman
de Coes. 39); they were still allowved to remain at empire, is explained by Suidas (s. v.) to be the perRome, but had no longer the guard of the em- son who holds the first rank in any thing. The
peror's person, as he never resided in the capital. etymology of the word is doubtful: it is supposed
Their numbers were again increased by Maxentius, that a person was called Primicerites because his
but after his defeat by Constantine, A. D. 312, they name stood first in the wax (cera), that is, the
were entirely suppressed by the latter, their for- tablet made of wax, which contained a list of pertified camp destroyed, and those who had not sons of any rank.
perished in the battle between Constantine and The word Primicerius does not seem to have
Maxentins were dispersed among the legions. been always applied to the person who was at the
(Zosimus, ii. 17; Aurel. Vict. de Caes. 40.) The head of nl:y department of the state or army, but
new form of government established by Constantine also to the one second in command or authority
did not require such a bolly of troops, and accord- as, for instan e, the Printicerius Sacri Cubiculi,
ingly they were never revived. The emperor's body who was under the Praeposltus Sacri Cubiculi.
guards now only consisted of the Domnestici, horse [PRAEnOSITUS.] Various Primicerii are menand foot under two comites, and of the Protectores. tioned, as the Priomicerius Domnesticors2ui and Pio(Cod. ]2. tit. 17; Cod. Theod. 6. tit. 24.) tecloerlun (Cod. 12. tit. 17. s. 2), Fabricae (Cod.
The commanders of the Praetorians -were called 11. tit. 9. s. 2), All feJsaraes (Cod. 12. tit. 28. s. 1),
PRAEFECTI PRAETORIO, whose duties, powers, Nrotarnloumon (Cod. 12. tit. 7), &c.
&c. are mentioned in a separate article. PRIMIPILA/RES. [ExERcITus, p. 503, b.]
PRAETO'RIUM was the name of the general's PRIIIPI'LUS. [ExERCITUS, p. 505.]
tent in the camp, and was so called because the PRINCEPS JUVENTU'TIS. [EQuITEs.]
name of the chief Roman magistrate was originally PRINCEPS SENATUS. [SErNATUS.]
praetor, and not consul. [CATsRA, p. 249.] The PRINCIPA'ILIS PORTA. [CASTRA, p. 249.]
officers who attended on the general in the Prae- PRI'NCIPES. [ExERCITUS, pp. 495-497.]
torito,,, and formed his council of war, were called PRINCI'PIA. [ExaRCITUS, p. 502, b.]
by the same name. (Liv. xxx. 5.) The word was PRIVILE'GIUM. [LEx, p. 683, b.]
also used in several other significations, which PROAGOGEIAS GRAPHE (rpoayWyEas
were derived from the original one. Thus the ypaq)n), a prosecution against those persons who
residence of a governor of a province was called performed the degrading office of pimps or prothe Praetosrion (Cic. c. Verr. iv. 23, v. 35;. curers (Irpoaeywryo). By the law of Solon the
St. John, xviii. 28, 33); ald the same nane was heaviest punishment (Tar /eylora ErirTi.rua) was
also given to any large house or palace. (Suet. inflicted oil such a person (daY sls EAeuOepov raaif
At.g. 7 2, Caal. 37; Juv. i. 75; l'aeto'ia n ohtststi )1 TyssallCa 7rpoayaWyeVo1y, Aesch. c. Ti7march 3. 26.
tantumn d(eserient iac, Dig. 50. tit. 16. s. 198.) The ed. Steph.). Accordisng to Plutarch (Sol. 23), a
camp of the Praetoriall troops at Rollme, and fre- penalty of twenty drachls was imposed for the
quently the Praetorian troops themlselves, were saine offence. To reconcile this statement with
called by this name. [PRAETORIAN1S.] that of Aeschilnes, -we miay suppose with Platner
PRAEVARICA'TOR. [SE.NasTruscoNsuLTru.s i (PIroc. etZd Kil(qJ. vol. ii. p. 216) that the law
TURnPIIANeiJrY.] | mentioned by Plutarcll applied only- to prostitutes.
PRA'NDIUM. [Coa.NA, p. 306, b.] Al example of a man put to death for takin an
PRECA'RIUM. [INTErDICTUlum.] Olynthian girl to a brothel ( oTeac ter' o0tmclia0os)
PRELUM, or PRAELUM, is a part of a occurs in Dinarchus (c. Demos/ts. 93, ed. Steph.).
press used by the ancients in making wine, olive- A prosecution of a umam by Hyperides El 7rpoa,
oil, and paper. The press itself was called torn- ywyfi is mentioned by Pollux (iii. 27). A charge
cesar; and the prelum was that part which was (probably false) was brought against Aspasia for
either screwed or knocked down upon the things getting fieebornl women into her house for the use
to be pressed, in order to squeeze out the last of Pericles. (Plut. Pericl. 322; Aristoph. Aclsa)-n.
juices. (Serv. ad Visyg. Geory. ii. 242; Vitruv. vi. 9.) 527.) In connection with this subject see the
Sometimes, however, preluin and torcular are used H'rTAInrESEOS GRAPHE and PHTMHORAS TON
as convertible terms, a part being named instead ELEUTIIERON GRAPHE. (Meier, Att. Proc. p.
of the whole. As regards tie pressing of the 332.) [C. R. K.]
grapes, it should be remembered that they were PRO'BOLE (7rpofoAi), ani accusation of a crifirst trodden with the feet; but as this process did minal nature, preferred before the people of Athens
not press out all the juice of the grapes, they were in assembly, with a view to obtain their sanction
afterwards, with their stalks and peels (scopi et for bringing the charge before a judicial tribunal.
folliculi), put under the preluhem. (Varro, de Re It may be compared iii this one respect (viz., that
Rzest. i. 54; comp. Column. xii. 38.) Cato (dle Re it wans a prelirinary step to a mIore formal trial)
Rust. 31) advised his countrymen alwvays to make with our application for a criminal informatioi;
the prelum of the wood of black mlaple (caoisbzi2ss though in regard to the object and niode of proatra). After all the juice was pressed out of the ceeding there is not much resemblance. The
grapes, they were collected in casks, water was I rpogoAi v was reserved for those cases where the
poured upon them, and after standing a inight they public had sustained asi injury, or where, from the
were pressed again. The liquor thus obtained station, power, or influence of the delinquent, the
Was called lora; it was preserved in casks, and prosecutor might deem it hazardous to proceed inl
was used as a drink for worklmen during the the ordinary way without being authorised by a
wvinter. (Varro, l. c.) Respecting the use of the I vote of the sovereignl assembly. In this point it
prelum in making olive-oil, and in the manufacture differed from the eoaayyEtI'a, that in the latter
of paper, see Plin. II. Nr. xv. 1, xiii. 25; Colurn. the people were called upons either to pronosunrce:xi. 50. [L. S.] fiinal juldgmlent or to direct soine peculiar method
PBRIMICE'RIUS, a lnamle given to various of trial; -hcereas in the arpfogoh, after the judg